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Nanoparticles in Humans: Experiments, Methods, and Strategies

Nanoparticles in Humans: Experiments, Methods, and Strategies

Autorzy
Wydawnictwo Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
Data wydania 09/12/2016
Liczba stron 152
Forma publikacji książka w twardej oprawie
Poziom zaawansowania Literatura popularna
Język angielski
ISBN 9789814463164
Kategorie Inżynieria biomedyczna
601.65 PLN (z VAT)
$135.34 / €128.99 / £111.98 /
Produkt na zamówienie
Dostawa 5-6 tygodni
Ilość
Do schowka

Opis książki

A peek into the literature on the environmental health implications of the rapidly developing nanotechnology industry shows that the potential problem of exposure to airborne nanoparticles has not been adequately addressed. The health and safety of nanotechnology workers are of concern because these groups run the greatest risk of exposure to elevated concentrations of nanomaterials. However, a gap exists between the currently available particle measurement methods and those appropriate for the assessment of nanoaerosol exposure.



This book presents new ideas and methods to measure the surface area and local deposition of nanoparticles in the lungs and the true value of respirators. It proposes a nanoparticle dosimetric road map that can be used as a general strategy for the assessment of the dose, which is the most important physical cause of adverse effects on health in the case of nanoparticle exposure. The book suggests the use of 1 nm radioactive particles, called unattached activity of radon progeny, as a safe experimental tool for nanoparticle studies, including human studies. It discusses the problems related to the general strategy of risk assessment in nanoparticle exposure and concrete parameters related to dosage. The ideas presented in this book help close the gaps in our knowledge of aerosols in the nanometer range and improve our understanding of nanoparticle behavior in the air and in the human body.

Nanoparticles in Humans: Experiments, Methods, and Strategies

Spis treści

Radon Deadlock

Radon and Health



Measurement of the Concentration of Decay Products of Radon, Thoron, and Actinon

Characteristics of Radon Progeny

The Basic Equations for Radon Decay Product Series

The General Activity Methods of Measuring Concentration of Radon Decay Products

Measurement of Radon Decay Products in Air by Alpha and Beta Spectrometry

Absorption of Alpha Radiation in the Sample

Measurement Procedure for Determination of Activity of RaA, RaB, RaC, and RaC' on Filter by Alpha and Beta Spectrometry

Characteristics of Thoron and Actinon Decay Products

The Basic Equations for Thoron and Actinon Series

Conclusion



Unattached Activity of Radon Progeny

Unattached Activity Properties

Correlation between the Unattached Activity of Radon Decay Products and Aerosol Concentration

Measurements of Other Radon Decay Product Unattached Activity Concentration

The Effect of Recoil Nuclei Being Knocked Off Aerosol Particles Unattached Concentration of Radon Decay Products

Conclusion



Method of Direct Measurement of Activity (Dose) in Miners' Lungs

Introduction

Theory of the Method

Assessment of the Uncertainties in the Evaluation of the Dose

Correction for the Shift of Equilibrium of Radon Progeny in the Air and in the Lungs

Accounting for Parametric Variations: Variations of Concentrations, Breathing Rate and Deposition Coefficients in Real Working Conditions

Model Measurement

Phantom Measurements and Geometric Corrections

Assessment of the Errors of the Direct Method

Portable Instrument for Direct Measurement of the Activity of Radon Decay Products in the Lungs of Miners



Assessment of the Nanoparticles' Surface Area by Measuring the Unattached Activity of Radon Progeny

The Unattached Activity of Radon Decay Products

Conclusion



Local Deposition of Nanoparticles in the Human Lung

Safety of Radioactive Markers in Aerosol Exposure Studies

Assessment of Particle Deposition in Lungs

Previous Experiments with This Method

Human Studies

Controlled Protocol for Study of Nanoparticle Lung Deposition in Human Subjects

Discussion and Conclusion



Exposure and Dose in Nanoaerosols Studies

Exposure: Definitions

Examples of Exposure-Effect Study without Dose Assessment

Nanoparticle: Definition

Nanoparticles Dosimetric Road Map

Nanoparticle Surface Area Measurements

Nanoparticle Respirators' True Effectiveness Measurements

Local Lung Deposition and Dosimetry for Nanoparticles

Human Experiment Safety Problems

Conclusion

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