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Hydraulic engineering of dams and their appurtenant structures counts among the essential tasks to successfully design safe water-retaining reservoirs for hydroelectric power generation, flood retention, and irrigation and water supply demands. In view of climate change, especially dams and reservoirs, among other water infrastructure, will and have to play an even more important role than in the past as part of necessary mitigation and adaptation measures to satisfy vital needs in water supply, renewable energy and food worldwide as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.


This book deals with the major hydraulic aspects of dam engineering considering recent developments in research and construction, namely overflow, conveyance and dissipations structures of spillways, river diversion facilities during construction, bottom and low-level outlets as well as intake structures. Furthermore, the book covers reservoir sedimentation, impulse waves and dambreak waves, which are relevant topics in view of sustainable and safe operation of reservoirs.


The book is richly illustrated with photographs, highlighting the various appurtenant structures of dams addressed in the book chapters, as well as figures and diagrams showing important relations among the governing parameters of a certain phenomenon. An extensive literature review along with an updated bibliography complete this book.

Hydraulic Engineering of Dams

1 Introduction

1.1 Definition and purposes of dams

1.2 Worldwide importance of dams and reservoirs

1.3 Historical overview and challenges of dam engineering

1.4 Dams as critical water infrastructures

1.5 Safe operation of dams and reservoirs through advanced dam safety concepts: example of Switzerland

1.6 Appurtenant structures of dams

1.7 Hydraulic engineering of dams: structure of the book





2 Frontal crest overflow

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Frontal overflow

2.3 Additional weir effects

2.4 Scale effects





3 Spatial crest overflow

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Side channel

3.3 Morning glory overfall

3.4 Labyrinth weir

3.5 Piano key weir

3.6 Siphon





4 Spillway chute

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Smooth chute

4.3 Uniform-aerated chute flow

4.4 Chute aerator

4.5 Shock waves

4.6 Roll waves

4.7 Stepped chute





5 Dissipation structures

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Hydraulic jump

5.3 Stilling basins

5.4 Drop structures

5.5 Free fall outlets





6 Ski jump and plunge pool

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Ski jump

6.3 Flip bucket

6.4 Granular scour

6.5 Rock scour





7 River diversion structures

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Diversion tunnel

7.3 River diversion

7.4 Culvert

7.5 Pier and abutment scour





8 Intakes and outlets

8.1 Introduction

8.2 High submergence intakes

8.3 Low submergence intakes

8.4 Practical aspects

8.5 Gate flow

8.6 Low-level outlet





9 Reservoir sedimentation

9.1 Involved processes and sustainable reservoir use

9.2 Sedimentation rate and sediment distribution

9.3 Evolution of knowledge and management competence

9.4 Measures against reservoir sedimentation

9.5 Sediment bypass tunnel

9.6 Turbidity currents

9.7 Sedimentation control

9.8 Secondary hydraulic effects





10 Impulse waves in reservoirs

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Fundamental approaches

10.3 2D impulse wave generation and propagation

10.4 Impulse wave types

10.5 Transformation of solitary wave to overland flow

10.6 Underwater deposition features

10.7 Rigid dam overtopping

10.8 Erodable dam overtopping

10.9 Spatial impulse waves





11 Dam breach

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Empirical breach data

11.3 Progressive 2D breach

11.4 Fuse plug

11.5 Instantaneous 2D breach