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Space Flight Dynamics  2e

Space Flight Dynamics 2e

Authors
Publisher John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year 30/03/2018
Pages 584
Version hardback
Readership level Professional and scholarly
Language English
ISBN 9781119157823
Categories Aerospace & aviation technology
$112.66 (with VAT)
500.85 PLN / €107.38 / £93.22
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Book description

Thorough coverage of space flight topics with self-contained chapters serving a variety of courses in orbital mechanics, spacecraft dynamics, and astronautics


This concise yet comprehensive book on space flight dynamics addresses all phases of a space mission: getting to space (launch trajectories), satellite motion in space (orbital motion, orbit transfers, attitude dynamics), and returning from space (entry flight mechanics). It focuses on orbital mechanics with emphasis on two-body motion, orbit determination, and orbital maneuvers with applications in Earth-centered missions and interplanetary missions.


Space Flight Dynamics presents wide-ranging information on a host of topics not always covered in competing books. It discusses relative motion, entry flight mechanics, low-thrust transfers, rocket propulsion fundamentals, attitude dynamics, and attitude control. The book is filled with illustrated concepts and real-world examples drawn from the space industry. Additionally, the book includes a "computational toolbox" composed of MATLAB M-files for performing space mission analysis.


Key features:





Provides practical, real-world examples illustrating key concepts throughout the book

Accompanied by a website containing MATLAB M-files for conducting space mission analysis

Presents numerous space flight topics absent in competing titles



Space Flight Dynamics is a welcome addition to the field, ideally suited for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students studying aerospace engineering.

Space Flight Dynamics 2e

Table of contents

Preface xi





1 Historical Overview 1





1.1 Introduction 1





1.2 Early Modern Period 1





1.3 Early Twentieth Century 3





1.4 Space Age 4





2 Two-Body Orbital Mechanics 7





2.1 Introduction 7





2.2 Two-Body Problem 7





2.3 Constants of Motion 11





2.3.1 Conservation of Angular Momentum 11





2.3.2 Conservation of Energy 13





2.4 Conic Sections 15





2.4.1 Trajectory Equation 15





2.4.2 Eccentricity Vector 20





2.4.3 Energy and Semimajor Axis 21





2.5 Elliptical Orbit 23





2.5.1 Ellipse Geometry 24





2.5.2 Flight-Path Angle and Velocity Components 24





2.5.3 Period of an Elliptical Orbit 31





2.5.4 Circular Orbit 32





2.5.5 Geocentric Orbits 33





2.6 Parabolic Trajectory 38





2.7 Hyperbolic Trajectory 42





2.8 Summary 46





Further Reading 46





Problems 47





3 Orbit Determination 55





3.1 Introduction 55





3.2 Coordinate Systems 55





3.3 Classical Orbital Elements 57





3.4 Transforming Cartesian Coordinates to Orbital Elements 60





3.5 Transforming Orbital Elements to Cartesian Coordinates 66





3.5.1 Coordinate Transformations 68





3.6 Ground Tracks 75





3.7 Orbit Determination from One Ground-Based Observation 79





3.7.1 Topocentric-Horizon Coordinate System 79





3.7.2 Inertial Position Vector 81





3.7.3 Inertial Velocity Vector 82





3.7.4 Ellipsoidal Earth Model 85





3.8 Orbit Determination from Three Position Vectors 88





3.9 Survey of Orbit-Determination Methods 95





3.9.1 Orbit Determination Using Angles-Only Measurements 95





3.9.2 Orbit Determination Using Three Position Vectors 97





3.9.3 Orbit Determination from Two Position Vectors and Time 97





3.9.4 Statistical Orbit Determination 98





3.10 Summary 99





References 100





Problems 100





4 Time of Flight 107





4.1 Introduction 107





4.2 Kepler's Equation 107





4.2.1 Time of Flight Using Geometric Methods 107





4.2.2 Time of Flight Using Analytical Methods 108





4.2.3 Relating Eccentric and True Anomalies 112





4.3 Parabolic and Hyperbolic Time of Flight 117





4.3.1 Parabolic Trajectory Flight Time 117





4.3.2 Hyperbolic Trajectory Flight Time 119





4.4 Kepler's Problem 123





4.5 Orbit Propagation Using Lagrangian Coefficients 127





4.6 Lambert's Problem 135





4.7 Summary 145





References 145





Problems 146





5 Non-Keplerian Motion 151





5.1 Introduction 151





5.2 Special Perturbation Methods 152





5.2.1 Non-Spherical Central Body 153





5.3 General Perturbation Methods 159





5.3.1 Lagrange's Variation of Parameters 160





5.3.2 Secular Perturbations due to Oblateness ( J2) 164





5.4 Gauss' Variation of Parameters 174





5.5 Perturbation Accelerations for Earth Satellites 180





5.5.1 Non-Spherical Earth 180





5.5.2 Third-Body Gravity 182





5.5.3 Atmospheric Drag 185





5.5.4 Solar Radiation Pressure 189





5.6 Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem 192





5.6.1 Jacobi's Integral 194





5.6.2 Lagrangian Points 195





5.7 Summary 203





References 203





Problems 204





6 Rocket Performance 213





6.1 Introduction 213





6.2 Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals 213





6.3 The Rocket Equation 214





6.4 Launch Trajectories 219





6.5 Staging 226





6.6 Launch Vehicle Performance 231





6.7 Impulsive Maneuvers 233





6.8 Summary 234





References 235





Problems 235





7 Impulsive Orbital Maneuvers 241





7.1 Introduction 241





7.2 Orbit Shaping 242





7.3 Hohmann Transfer 245





7.3.1 Coplanar Transfer with Tangential Impulses 248





7.4 General Coplanar Transfer 252





7.5 Inclination-Change Maneuver 256





7.6 Three-Dimensional Orbit Transfer 259





7.7 Summary 264





References 264





Problems 264





8 Relative Motion and Orbital Rendezvous 275





8.1 Introduction 275





8.2 Linear Clohessy-Wiltshire Equations 275





8.3 Homogeneous Solution of the Clohessy-Wiltshire Equations 280





8.4 Orbital Rendezvous Using the Clohessy-Wiltshire Equations 288





8.5 Summary 298





References 298





Problems 298





9 Low-Thrust Transfers 303





9.1 Introduction 303





9.2 Electric Propulsion Fundamentals 304





9.3 Coplanar Circle-to-Circle Transfer 306





9.3.1 Comparing Impulsive and Low-Thrust Transfers 313





9.4 Coplanar Transfer with Earth-Shadow Effects 315





9.5 Inclination-Change Maneuver 318





9.6 Transfer Between Inclined Circular Orbits 320





9.7 Combined Chemical-Electric Propulsion Transfer 322





9.8 Low-Thrust Transfer Issues 328





9.9 Summary 329





References 329





Problems 330





10 Interplanetary Trajectories 335





10.1 Introduction 335





10.2 Patched-Conic Method 338





10.2.1 Sphere of Influence 339





10.2.2 Coplanar Heliocentric Transfers between Circular Orbits 341





10.3 Phase Angle at Departure 351





10.4 Planetary Arrival 355





10.5 Heliocentric Transfers Using an Accurate Ephemeris 359





10.5.1 Pork-Chop Plots 367





10.5.2 Julian Date 368





10.6 Gravity Assists 370





10.7 Summary 378





References 379





Problems 379





11 Atmospheric Entry 385





11.1 Introduction 385





11.2 Entry Flight Mechanics 386





11.3 Ballistic Entry 390





11.4 Gliding Entry 396





11.5 Skip Entry 404





11.6 Entry Heating 412





11.7 Space Shuttle Entry 418





11.8 Summary 422





References 423





Problems 423





12 Attitude Dynamics 429





12.1 Introduction 429





12.2 Rigid Body Dynamics 430





12.2.1 Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body 432





12.2.2 Principal Axes 438





12.2.3 Rotational Kinetic Energy 439





12.2.4 Euler's Moment Equations 441





12.3 Torque-Free Motion 442





12.3.1 Euler Angle Rates 447





12.4 Stability and Flexible Bodies 457





12.4.1 Spin Stability about the Principal Axes 457





12.4.2 Stability of Flexible Bodies 459





12.5 Spin Stabilization 464





12.5.1 Dual-Spin Stabilization 466





12.6 Disturbance Torques 467





12.6.1 Gravity-Gradient torque 467





12.6.2 Aerodynamic Torque 468





12.6.3 Solar Radiation Pressure Torque 469





12.6.4 Magnetic Torque 470





12.7 Gravity-Gradient Stabilization 470





12.8 Summary 476





References 477





Problems 477





13 Attitude Control 485





13.1 Introduction 485





13.2 Feedback Control Systems 485





13.2.1 Transfer Functions 486





13.2.2 Closed-Loop Control Systems 489





13.2.3 Second-Order System Response 490





13.3 Mechanisms for Attitude Control 497





13.3.1 Reaction Jets 497





13.3.2 Momentum-Exchange Devices 497





13.3.3 Magnetic Torquers 501





13.4 Attitude Maneuvers Using Reaction Wheels 501





13.5 Attitude Maneuvers Using Reaction Jets 513





13.5.1 Phase-Plane Analysis of Satellite Attitude Dynamics 513





13.5.2 Reaction Jet Control Law 518





13.6 Nutation Control Using Reaction Jets 527





13.7 Summary 534





References 535





Further Reading 535





Problems 535





Appendix A: Physical Constants 541





Appendix B: Review of Vectors 543





B.1 Introduction 543





B.2 Vectors 543





B.3 Vector Operations 544





B.3.1 Vector Addition 544





B.3.2 Cross Product 545





B.3.3 Dot Product 546





B.3.4 Scalar Triple Product 547





B.3.5 Vector Triple Product 547





Appendix C: Review of Particle Kinematics 549





C.1 Introduction 549





C.2 Cartesian Coordinates 549





C.3 Polar Coordinates 551





C.4 Normal-Tangential Coordinates 552





Index

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