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Nitrogen (N) is potentially one of the most complex elements on the Earth. It is necessary for all biological activity, but creates negative impacts on water and air quality. There is a balancing act between deficiency and surplus and the forms of N available further complicate our understanding of the dynamics. Biological fixation provides some plants with N supply while others are totally dependent upon N being available in the soil profile for the roots to extract. Nevertheless, the demand for N will increase because the human population with its increasing growth requires more protein and thus more N. Understanding the global N cycle is imperative to meeting current and future nitrogen demands while decreasing environmental impacts.
This book discusses availability, production, and recycling of N in air, water, plants, and soils. It features information on N impacts to soil and water quality, management of N in agroecosystems, and techniques to maximize the use efficiency while minimizing the risks of leakage of reactive N into the environment.
This volume in the Advances in Soil Science series is specifically devoted to availability, production, and recycling of N with impact on climate change and water quality, and management of N in agroecosystems in the context of maximizing the use efficiency and minimizing the risks of leakage of reactive N (NO-3, N2O) into the environment.
Soil Nitrogen Uses and Environmental Impacts
Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Benefits and Unintended Consequences of Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizers
B.A. Stewart
Chapter 2 Nitrogen Fixation by Pulse Crops and the Use of Nitrogen Isotopic Techniques
to Measure the Fixation Capacity
Minh-Long Nguyen
Chapter 3 The Role of Nitrogen Stable Isotopes to Investigate Soil Nitrogen
Transformations and Cycling in Agricultural Systems
Minh-Long Nguyen, Jiafa Luo, and Bert F. Quin
Chapter 4 Nitrogen Loss in Snowmelt Runoff from Non-Point Agricultural Sources
on the Canadian Prairies
Kimberley D. Schneider, Arumugam Thiagarajan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun,
Brian G. McConkey, and Henry F. Wilson
Chapter 5 Denitrification in Soil
Mark S. Coyne
Chapter 6 Nitrogen Balances and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in the Nordic Countries
Anne Falk Ogaard and Marianne Bechmann
Chapter 7 Intensive Dairy and Beef Systems: N Loss Mitigations and Barriers
to Their Adoption
Bert F. Quin
Chapter 8 Efficient Nitrogen Management in the Tropics and Subtropics
Rajendra Prasad and Peter R. Hobbs
Chapter 9 Enhancing Soil Organic Carbon by Managing Nitrogen in China
Shou-Tian Ma, Xin Zhao, Chao Pu, Yang Liu, Rattan Lal, Jian-Fu Xue, and Hai-Lin Zhang
Chapter 10 Managing Nitrogen in Small Landholder Hill Farms of North Eastern Indian
Himalayas
Anup Das, Jayanta Layek, Gulab Singh Yadav, S. Babu, D. Sarkar, R.S. Meena, and Rattan Lal
Chapter 11 Merits and Limitations of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers
Matthew D. Ruark, Rogerio P. Soratto, and Carl J. Rosen
Chapter 12 Economic and Policy Implications of Nitrogen Management
Otto C. Doering III, Benjamin M. Gramig, and Dawoon Jeong
Chapter 13 Formulations of Slow Release Fertilizers for Enhancing N Use Efficiency
Amit Roy
Chapter 14 Managing the Soil Nitrogen Cycle in Agroecosystems
Richard A. Ferrieri, Eliot Herman, Benjamin Babst, and Michael J. Schueller
Chapter 15 Nitrogen: Managing the Necessary Evil
Rattan Lal
Index