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The book focuses on microfluidics with applications in nanotechnology. The first part summarizes the recent advances and achievements in the field of microfluidic technology, with emphasize on the the influence of nanotechnology. The second part introduces various applications of microfluidics in nanotechnology, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and biomedical diagnosis.

Nanotechnology for Microfluidics

Preface xiii


1 Micro/Nanostructured Materials from Droplet Microfluidics 1
Xin Zhao, Jieshou Li, and Yuanjin Zhao


1.1 Introduction 1


1.2 MMs from Droplet Microfluidics 4


1.2.1 Simple Spherical Microparticles (MPs) 4


1.2.2 Janus MPs 7


1.2.3 Core-Shell MPs 7


1.2.4 Porous MPs 9


1.2.5 Other MMs 10


1.3 NMs from Droplet Microfluidics 13


1.3.1 Inorganic NMs 13


1.3.2 Organic NMs 16


1.3.3 Other NMs 16


1.4 Applications of the Droplet-Derived Materials 18


1.4.1 Drug Delivery 18


1.4.2 Cell Microencapsulation 23


1.4.3 Tissue Engineering 25


1.4.4 Biosensors 29


1.4.5 Barcodes 32


1.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 35


References 36


2 Digital Microfluidics for Bioanalysis 47
Qingyu Ruan, Jingjing Guo, Yang Wang, Fenxiang Zou, Xiaoye Lin, Wei Wang, and Chaoyong Yang


2.1 Introduction 47


2.2 Theoretical Background 48


2.2.1 Theoretical Background 48


2.2.1.1 Thermodynamic Approach 49


2.2.1.2 Energy Minimization Approach 50


2.2.1.3 Electromechanical Approach 52


2.2.2 Contact Angle Saturation 53


2.2.3 Basic Microfluidic Functions by EWOD Actuation 53


2.3 Device Fabrication 55


2.4 Digital Microfluidics Integrated with Other Devices 56


2.4.1 Sample Processing Systems Integrated with Digital Microfluidics 56


2.4.1.1 World-to-chip Interface 56


2.4.1.2 Magnet Separation 58


2.4.1.3 Heater Module 59


2.4.2 Detection Systems Integrated with Digital Microfluidics 59


2.4.2.1 Optical Methods 59


2.4.2.2 Electrochemical Methods 61


2.4.2.3 Other Detection Methods 62


2.5 Biological Applications on DMF 63


2.5.1 Enzyme Assays 63


2.5.2 Immunoassay 63


2.5.3 DNA-Based Applications 66


2.5.4 Cell-Based Applications 68


2.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 72


References 73


3 Nanotechnology and Microfluidics for Biosensing and Biophysical Property Assessment: Implications for Next-Generation in Vitro Diagnostics 83
Zida Li and Ho Cheung Shum


3.1 Introduction 83


3.1.1 Nanotechnology and Microfluidics 84


3.2 Fundamentals of Nanotechnology and Microfluidics 86


3.2.1 Nanotechnology 86


3.2.2 Microfluidics 87


3.3 Biomolecule Sensing 88


3.3.1 Techniques Based on Optical Readout 89


3.3.1.1 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance 89


3.3.1.2 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 90


3.3.1.3 Nanoengineered Fluorescence Probes 91


3.3.1.4 Nanotopography-Based Cell Capturing 93


3.3.2 Techniques Based on Electrical Readouts 93


3.3.2.1 Electrochemical Reactions 93


3.3.2.2 Nanotransistor-Based Assays 94


3.4 Biophysical Property Sensing 95


3.4.1 Cell Contractility Measur