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formation. The basic ideas underlying knowledge visualization and information vi- alization are outlined. In a short preview of the contributions of this volume, the idea behind each approach and its contribution to the goals of the book are outlined. 2 The Basic Concepts of the Book Three basic concepts are the focus of this book: "data", "information", and "kno- edge". There have been numerous attempts to define the terms "data", "information", and "knowledge", among them, the OTEC Homepage "Data, Information, Kno- edge, and Wisdom" (Bellinger, Castro, & Mills, see thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm): Data are raw. They are symbols or isolated and non-interpreted facts. Data rep- sent a fact or statement of event without any relation to other data. Data simply exists and has no significance beyond its existence (in and of itself). It can exist in any form, usable or not. It does not have meaning of itself.

Knowledge and Information Visualization: Searching for Synergies

Visualizing Knowledge and Information: An Introduction.- Visualizing Knowledge and Information: An Introduction.- Background.- Visual Queries: The Foundation of Visual Thinking.- Representational Correspondence as a Basic Principle of Diagram Design.- Knowledge Visualization.- Node-Link Mapping Principles for Visualizing Knowledge and Information.- Tools for Representing Problems and the Knowledge Required to Solve Them.- Collaborative Knowledge Visualization for Cross-Community Learning.- Information Visualization.- Modeling Interactive, 3-Dimensional Information Visualizations Supporting Information Seeking Behaviors.- Visualizing Information in Virtual Space: Prospects and Pitfalls.- The Impact of Dimensionality and Color Coding of Information Visualizations on Knowledge Acquisition.- Synergies Visualizing Knowledge and Information for Fostering Learning and Instruction.- Digital Concept Maps for Managing Knowledge and Information.- Concept Maps: Integrating Knowledge and Information Visualization.- Comprehensive Mapping of Knowledge and Information Resources: The Case of Webster.- Towards a Framework and a Model for Knowledge Visualization: Synergies Between Information and Knowledge Visualization.- ParIS - Visualizing Ideas and Information in a Resource-Based Learning Scenario.- Knowledge-Oriented Organization of Information for Fostering Information Use.- LEO: A Concept Map Based Course Visualization Tool for Instructors and Students.- Navigating Personal Information Repositories with Weblog Authoring and Concept Mapping.- Facilitating Web Search with Visualization and Data Mining Techniques.- The Role of Content Representations in Hypermedia Learning: Effects of Task and Learner Variables.- Supporting Self-regulated E-Learning with Visual Topic-Map-Navigation.- Information and Knowledge Visualization in Development and Use of a Management Information System (MIS) for DaimlerChrysler.