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This book introduces what sclerotia grains are, and where and how they exist in soils, by compiling the results obtained from the studies on fungal sclerotia formed by Cenococcum geophilum (Cg) and related species, the visible black small grains persistent for a few thousand to ten thousands of years in forest soils and sediments. The chapters contain the results and discussions on the ecological distribution and regulating factors, characteristics, and function of Cg sclerotia grains, carried out by researchers from soil geography, soil science, soil microbiology, physiology, forestry, analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, material science, and related disciplines. The anatomy of sclerotia grains in soil was realized in terms of interdisciplinary joint researches, which resulted in deepening understanding of the ecological function of the mesoscale organic component in soils. This book covers the natural history of sclerotia in soils, pedo-sclerotiology.

Sclerotia Grains in Soils: A New Perspective from Pedosclerotiology

Chapter 1  Introduction  10p

1-1       What are sclerotium grains?

1-2       Cenococcum geophilum and sclerotia 

1-3       Sclerotium grain studies in Earth Science 

PART I  Chemical and Physical Properties of Sclerotium Grains  90p

Chapter 2 Major and minor elemental composition  SEM-EDS, EPMA, PIXE, C-NMR, FT-IR, Al-NMR, TEM-EDX   Watanabe and Bolormaa

Chapter 3 Life age of Cg sclerotia   14C age and stable isotope ratiod13C  Watanabe

Chapter 4 Existing amount and strength properties of sclerotium grains  Sakagami

Chapter 5 Carbon decomposition and Al enrichment  Watanabe, Sakagami

Chapter 6 Micromorphology in sclerotium grains (Boemite, opaline silica)  Watanabe

Chapter 7 Heavy metal concentration in sclerotia grains    Watanabe and Bolormaa

Part II  Biological Properties of Sclerotium Grains  80p

Chapter 9 Sclerotia and Soil Anthropods -Niche differentiation of fungivorous Acari and Collembola in Japanese beech forest soils-  Amasya 

Chapter 10 Bacterial communities in sclerotia  Sphingomonas and Ralstonia picketti  Ohta

Chapter 11 Sclerotium grains as Microbial carrier in soil   Nonoyama

Part III  Ecological Distribution of Sclerotium Grains  90p

Chapter 12 Active aluminum status as regulating factor of sclerotium distribution 

Myoko,Podzols, Braunerde  Harz mts. Germany   Watanabe

Chapter 13 Altitudinal and seasonal distribution of sclerotia grains  Sakagami

Chapter 14 Micro-topographical distribution of sclerotia grains in Picea abies forest, Harz Mts.   Sakagami

Chapter 15 Forest stand structure and sclerotium grains, Mt. Chokai, Central Japan  Guo

Chapter 16  Conclusion  5p

  A Mesoscale component in Soil >>>>> Function of Vital Soil    Watanabe