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The book covers all aspects of fermentation technology such as principles, reaction kinetics, scaling up of processes, and applications. The 20 chapters written by subject matter experts are divided into two parts: Principles and Applications. In the first part subjects covered include: Modelling and kinetics of fermentation technology Sterilization techniques used in fermentation processes Design and types of bioreactors used in fermentation technology Recent advances and future prospect of fermentation technology The second part subjects covered include: Lactic acid and ethanol production using fermentation technology Various industrial value-added product biosynthesis using fermentation technology Microbial cyp450 production and its industrial application Polyunsaturated fatty acid production through solid state fermentation Application of oleaginous yeast for lignocellulosic biomass based single cell oil production Utilization of micro-algal biomass for bioethanol production Poly-lactide production from lactic acid through fermentation technology Bacterial cellulose and its potential impact on industrial applications

Principles and Applications of Fermentation Technology

Part I: Principles of Fermentation Technology 1


1 Fermentation Technology: Current Status and Future Prospects 3
Ritika Joshi, Vinay Sharma and Arindam Kuila


1.1 Introduction 3


1.2 Types of Fermentation Processes 4


1.2.1 Solid-State Fermentation 4


1.2.2 Submerged Fermentation 5


1.2.2.1 Batch Cultivation 5


1.2.2.2 Substrates Used for Fermentation 5


1.3 Enzymes 6


1.3.1 Bacterial Enzymes 6


1.3.2 Fungal Enzymes 6


1.4 Antibiotics 7


1.5 Fed-Batch Cultivation 8


1.6 Application of SSF 9


1.6.1 Enzyme Production 9


1.6.2 Organic Acids 10


1.6.3 Secondary Metabolites 10


1.6.4 Antibiotic 10


1.6.5 Biofuel 10


1.6.6 Biocontrol Agents 11


1.6.7 Vitamin 11


1.7 Future Perspectives 11


References 12


2 Modeling and Kinetics of Fermentation Technology 15
Biva Ghosh, Debalina Bhattacharya and Mainak Mukhopadhyay


2.1 Introduction 16


2.2 Modeling 17


2.2.1 Importance of Modeling 18


2.2.2 Components of Modeling 20


2.2.2.1 Control Volume 20


2.2.2.2 Variables 22


2.2.2.3 Parameters 22


2.2.2.4 Mathematical Model 22


2.2.2.5 Automatization 23


2.3 Kinetics of Modeling 26


2.3.1 Thermodynamic 27


2.3.2 Phenomenological 27


2.3.3 Kinetic 27


2.3.3.1 Volumetric Rate and Specific Rate 28


2.3.3.2 Rate Expression for Microbial Culture 31


2.4 Conclusion 41


References 41


3 Sterilization Techniques used in Fermentation Processes 45
Shivani Sharma, Arindam Kuila and Vinay Sharma


3.1 Introduction 45


3.2 Rate of Microbial Death 46


3.3 How do Sterilants Work? 47


3.4 Types of Sterilization 47


3.4.1 Heat 48


3.4.2 Pressure 48


3.4.3 Radiation 48


3.4.4 Filtration 49


3.4.5 Steam Sterilization 49


3.5 Sterilization of the Culture Media 49


3.5.1 Batch Sterilization 49


3.5.2 Continuous Sterilization 50


3.6 Sterilization of the Additives 50


3.7 Sterilization of the Fermenter Vessel 51


3.8 Filter Sterilization 51


3.8.1 Diffusion 51


3.8.2 Inertial Impaction 51


3.8.3 Electrostatic Attraction 51


3.8.4 Interception 52


3.9 Sterilization of Air 52


References 52


4 Advances in Fermentation Technology: Principle and Their Relevant Applications 53
Monika Choudhary, Sunanda Joshi, Sameer Suresh Bhagyawant and Nidhi Srivastava


4.1 Introduction 53


4.2 Basic Principle of Fermentation 54


4.3 Biochemical Process 56


4.4 Fermentation Methodology 58


4.5 Biochemical Mechanism 59


4.6 Fermentation and its Industrial Applications 60


4.7 Relevance of Fermentation 61


4.8 Conclusion 62


References 63


5 Fermentation Technology Prospecting on Bioreactors/Fermenter