Książki

Written by veterinarians across multiple disciplines with expertise in the canine musculoskeletal system, this book offers an easy-to-use guide for diagnosing lameness in dogs. Canine Lameness focuses on evaluation and diagnostic techniques, with descriptions of the most common reasons for lameness. Arranged by anatomical region, this approach complements the clinical assessment of a patient.


Designed for ease of use, the book puts all the information needed to evaluate and diagnose a dog's orthopedic status at the reader's fingertips. Particular emphasis is placed on orthopedic examination, radiographic anatomy, and abnormal radiographic findings.


Features of Canine Lameness:





Offers a comprehensive guide to diagnosing musculoskeletal diseases causing lameness in dogs

Brings clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, and relevant musculoskeletal anatomy together into a single resource

Takes a logical, regions-based approach, outlining diagnostic steps and differential diagnoses for each specific area

Focuses on commonly encountered conditions while highlighting critical diagnostic steps to ensure other, less common, differential diagnoses are not missed

Includes access to a companion website with video clips demonstrating detailed steps of the examination, techniques, and lameness conditions



Canine Lameness is an excellent resource for veterinarians and staff involved in the diagnosis of lameness in dogs, and will be of great benefit to all animal health professionals working in the area of canine orthopedics.

Canine Lameness

List of Contributors xix





Preface xxi





Acknowledgments xxiii





Editor Biography xxiv





About the Companion Website xxv





Section 1 Lameness Diagnosis 1





Part I Lameness Evaluation 3





1 Subjective Gait Evaluation 5

Felix Michael Duerr





1.1 Introduction 5





1.2 Observation at Rest 5





1.3 Observation in Motion 6





References 13





2 Objective Gait Analysis 15

Bryan T. Torres





2.1 Introduction 15





2.2 Kinetic Analysis 15





2.3 Kinematic Analysis 21





2.4 Making the Best of Your Gait Data Collection 27





2.5 Evaluating Gait Data 28





References 29





3 The Orthopedic Examination 31

Dirsko J.F. von Pfeil and Felix Michael Duerr





3.1 Introduction 31





3.2 The Orthopedic Examination 31





References 39





4 The Neurologic Examination 41

Lisa Bartner





4.1 Introduction 41





4.2 Neuroanatomy Related to Limb Function 42





4.3 The Neurologic Examination 48





4.4 Diagnostic Tests 63





References 65





5 The Rehabilitation Examination 67

Sasha Foster





5.1 Introduction 67





5.2 Passive Range of Motion 68





5.3 Joint Play 77





5.4 Flexibility Testing 79





5.5 Strength Testing 81





References 83





6 The Myofascial Examination 85

Rick Wall





6.1 Introduction 85





6.2 Characteristics of Myofascial Trigger Points 85





6.3 Etiology and Pathophysiology of Myofascial Trigger Points 86





6.4 The Myofascial Examination 87





6.5 Myofascial Pain Syndrome Patterns Associated with Lameness 88





6.6 Clinical Significance 89





References 90





Part II Diagnostic Techniques 93





7 Arthrocentesis Technique 95

Bryan T. Torres and Felix Michael Duerr





7.1 Introduction 95





7.2 Risks and Contraindications 96





7.3 Restraint 96





7.4 Site Preparation 96





7.5 Equipment 96





7.6 Approaches 98





References 104





8 Diagnostic Joint Anesthesia 105

Bryan T. Torres and Felix Michael Duerr





8.1 Introduction 105





8.2 Patient Selection 105





8.3 Sedation Protocols 106





8.4 Intra-articular Anesthetic Instillation 108





8.5 Lameness Evaluation and Interpreting the Effect of Diagnostic Joint Anesthesia 108





References 110





9 Joint Fluid Analysis and Collection Considerations 111

Adam Harris and Kelly Santangelo





9.1 Introduction 111





9.2 Sample Submission and Prioritization of Diagnostic Tests 111





9.3 Gross, Biochemical, and Cytologic Examination 113





9.4 Canine Arthropathies 120





References 122





10 Diagnostic Imaging Techniques in Lameness Evaluation 125

Angela J. Marolf





10.1 Introduction 125





10.2 Radiography 125





10.3 Ultrasonography 126





10.4 Computed Tomography 127





10.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 130





10.6 Nuclear Medicine 131





References 133





11 Diagnostic Approach to Neoplastic Conditions Causing Lameness 135

Bernard Seguin





11.1 Introduction 135





11.2 Diagnostic Methods 135





11.3 Specific Tumors 138





References 139





Section 2 Regional Diagnosis 141





Part III Distal Limb Lameness 143





12 Distal Limb Region 145

Nicolaas E. Lambrechts





12.1 Introduction 145





12.2 Normal Anatomy 145





12.3 Arthritis 152





12.4 Fractures of the Distal Limb Region 154





12.5 Conditions of Muscles, Tendon, and Ligaments 157





12.6 Conditions of the Digital and Paw Pads 159





12.7 Conditions of the Digit/Paw Skin 162





12.8 Conditions of the Claws 163





12.9 Other Conditions Affecting the Distal Limb Region 164





References 166





Part IV Thoracic Limb Lameness 169





13 Carpal Region 171

Denis J. Marcellin-Little and Dirsko J.F. von Pfeil





13.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses 171





13.2 Normal Anatomy and Osteoarthritis 171





13.3 Fractures of the Carpal Region 175





13.4 Carpal Hyperextension and Other Carpal Ligamentous Injuries 179





13.5 Deformities of the Carpal Region 185





13.6 Tendinous and Muscular Lesions of the Carpal Region 186





13.7 Other Diseases Affecting the Carpal Region 187





References 191





14 Elbow Region 195

Felix Michael Duerr





14.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses 195





14.2 Normal Anatomy and Arthritis 195





14.3 Fractures of the Elbow Region 200





14.4 Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle 201





14.5 Elbow Dysplasia/Incongruity 203





14.6 Medial Compartment Disease 205





14.7 Traumatic Fracture of the Medial Coronoid Process 208





14.8 Osteochondrosis Dissecans 209





14.9 Ununited Anconeal Process 209





14.10 Elbow Luxation 210





14.11 Panosteitis 212





14.12 Septic Arthritis 214





14.13 Flexor Enthesopathy 215





14.14 Other Diseases Affecting the Elbow Region 217





References 219





15 Shoulder Region 223

Kristina M. Kiefer and Dirsko J.F. von Pfeil





15.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses 223





15.2 Normal Anatomy and Osteoarthritis 223





15.3 Fractures of the Shoulder Region 229





15.4 Medial Shoulder Instability 231





15.5 Traumatic Shoulder Luxation 235





15.6 Biceps Brachii Tendinopathy 237





15.7 Supraspinatus Tendinopathy 242





15.8 Infraspinatus Disease 243





15.9 Osteochondrosis Dissecans 246





15.10 Other Diseases Affecting the Shoulder Region 248





References 250





16 Neurological Disease of the Thoracic Limb 255

Lisa Bartner





16.1 Introduction 255





16.2 Relevant Anatomy 255





16.3 Neurological Diseases Affecting the Thoracic Limb 257





References 268





17 Neoplastic Conditions of the Thoracic Limb 271

Bernard Seguin





17.1 Introduction 271





17.2 Neoplasia of Specific Regions 271





References 277





Part V Pelvic Limb Lameness 279





18 Tarsal Region 281

Kathleen Linn and Felix Michael Duerr





18.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses 281





18.2 Normal Anatomy 281





18.3 Fractures of the Tarsal Region 288





18.4 Tarsal Joint Luxations 291





18.5 Pathology of the Common Calcanean Tendon 294





18.6 Osteochondrosis Dissecans 298





18.7 Other Diseases Affecting the Tarsal Region 300





References 304





19 Stifle Region 307

Jennifer Warnock and Felix Michael Duerr





19.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses 307





19.2 Normal Anatomy 307





19.3 Fractures of the Stifle Region 314





19.4 Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease 316





19.5 Patellar Luxation 329





19.6 Stifle Luxation 334





19.7 Isolated Caudal Cruciate Ligament Rupture 336





19.8 Osteochondrosis Dissecans 337





19.9 Patellar Ligament Pathology 339





19.10 Other Diseases Affecting the Stifle Region 340





References 343





20 Hip Region 347

Nina R. Kieves





20.1 Introduction and Common Differential Diagnoses 347





20.2 Normal Anatomy 347





20.3 Fractures of the Hip Region 353





20.4 Coxofemoral Luxation 356





20.5 Hip Dysplasia 358





20.6 Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head 366





20.7 Muscle Contractures 367





20.8 Iliopsoas Tendinopathy 371





20.9 Other Diseases Affecting the Hip Region 373





References 376





21 Neurological Disease of the Pelvic Limb 379

Lisa Bartner





21.1 Introduction 379





21.2 Relevant Anatomy 379





21.3 Neurological Diseases Affecting the Pelvic Limb 381





References 389





22 Neoplastic Conditions of the Pelvic Limb 391

Bernard Seguin





22.1 Introduction 391





22.2 Neoplasia of Specific Regions 391





References 394





Glossary 397





List of Abbreviations 401





Index 403