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Undoubtedly the applications of polymers are rapidly evolving. Technology is continually changing and quickly advancing as polymers are needed to solve a variety of day-to-day challenges leading to improvements in quality of life. The Encyclopedia of Polymer Applications presents state-of-the-art research and development on the applications of polymers. This groundbreaking work provides important overviews to help stimulate further advancements in all areas of polymers. This comprehensive multi-volume reference includes articles contributed from a diverse and global team of renowned researchers. It offers a broad-based perspective on a multitude of topics in a variety of applications, as well as detailed research information, figures, tables, illustrations, and references. The encyclopedia provides introductions, classifications, properties, selection, types, technologies, shelf-life, recycling, testing and applications for each of the entries where applicable. It features critical content for both novices and experts including, engineers, scientists (polymer scientists, materials scientists, biomedical engineers, macromolecular chemists), researchers, and students, as well as interested readers in academia, industry, and research institutions.

Encyclopedia of Polymer Applications, 3 Volume Set

Actuators: Buckypaper Composite / Joshua DeGraff, Richard Liang and Pierre Cottinet


Agriculture: Natural Polymers for Controlled Release of Fertilizers / Cristiana A.V. Torres, Filomena Freitas


Agriculture: Polymers in Crop Production Mulch and Fertilizer / Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar, Mandira Barman, Tanumoy Bera, Mriganka De and Dibyendu Chatterjee


Agriculture: Polymers in Crop Production Pesticides / Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar, Najam Akhter Shakil, V. S. Rana, Jitendra Kumar, Ajoy Saha, Totan Adak and Jaydeep Haldar


Agriculture: Polymers in Crop Protection / Pietro Picuno


Agriculture: Super Absorbent Functional Polymers / Bijender Kumar, Farha Deeba, Ruchir Priyadarshi, Sauraj, and Yuvraj Singh Negi


Alginate / Pankaj M. Maheriya and Vipul D. Prajapati


Automotive Applications: Polylactic Acid and Biocomposite Parts / Khosrow Khodabakhshi


Automotive Applications: Polymers in / I. A. Aderibigbe, E. R. Sadiku and A. P. I Popoola


Automotive Applications: Reinforced Material Components / B. Suresha, R. Hemanth and K. Nithin


Aviation: Polymer Composites, Processes, and Properties / I. A. Aderibigbe, P. Nombula and A.P. I. Popoola


Aviation: Thermoplastic and Thermoset Polymers in / M. OEzgur Seydibeyoglu, Fatma Erdogan and Elif Alyamac


Biomaterials: Soft Tissue Injuries / Anurag Singh and Rui Miranda Guedes


Biomedicine: Cellulose in / Eliane Trovatti and Eugen Barbu


Biomedicine: Cross-linked Polymers Applications / B. A. Aderibigbe


Biomedicine: Polymers with Silsesquioxane Units / B. Simionescu, A. Oancea, I. Bordianu-Antochi, C. Ursu, C. Cotofana and M. Olaru


Biosensing Devices: Conjugated Polymer Based Scaffolds / Saniye Soylemez, Melis Kesika and Levent Toppare


Catalysts: Polymers in Biodiesel Production / Farha Deeba, Bijender Kumar, Sauraj, Ruchir Priyadarshi, Vikas Pruthi and Yuvraj S. Negi


Chemotherapy: Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Based Drug Delivery System / Somesh Mohapatra, Vineethkrishna Chandrasekar, Aparna R. Chakravarti, Shweta Paroha, Oshin Sapra, Ankit Saneja, and Ravindra Dhar Dubey


Chitosan: Antimicrobial and Edible Coatings / Anjali Bishnoi, Sandeep Rai, Nirav Joshi and Sunil Kumar


Chitosan: Biodegradable Food Packaging / Ruchir Priyadarshi, Sauraj Singh, Saleheen Bano, Asif Ali and Yuvraj Singh Negi


Chitosan: Tissue Engineering and Wound Dressing Applications / Mohammad Amin Shamekhi, Hamid Mahdavi, Hamid Mirzadeh, Ahmad Rabiee, Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori, Nooshin Haghighipour and Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad


Communication: Polymers in / Pulak Datta, Sanjay Kumar and Gautam Sarkhel


Composites and Nanocomposites: Thermoplastic Polymers for Additive Manufacturing / Nahal Aliheidari and Amir Ameli


Composites: Biobased for Materials Applications / Thimothy Molefi Thamae, Thabiso Letseka and Leboli Thamae


Composites: Conductive Elastomer CNT-Based / Jiji Abraham, Mohammed Arif P, Soney C. George, Nandakumar Kalarikkal and Sabu Thomas


Composites: Environment-Friendly Nanocomposites / Sukanya Pradhan, Smita Mohanty and Sanjay K. Nayak


Composites: Natural Fibers Reinforced / M. K. Gupta


Composites: Polylactic Acid-Based Blends / Payam Zarrintaj, Emad Jowshan, Reza Khalili, Zahed Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Saeb and Masoud Mozafari


Conducting Polymers: Applications / Anupreet Kaur


Conducting Polymers: Electrospun Materials / Thomas Kerr-Phillips and Jadranka Travas-Sejdic


Construction: Rigid Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams for Sandwich Panels / Rafael de Avila Delucis, Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhaes, Cesar Liberato Petzhold and Sandro Campos Amicos


Corrosion Inhibitor: Polymeric Desiccant / Madhumita Kulkarni and P.A Mahanwar


Corrosion Protection: Natural Polymer in / I. B. Obot, Ubong M. Edouk and Saviour A. Umoren


Cosmetics: Active Polymers / Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul and Nattaya Lourith


Cosmetics: Polymers in / Bhavya M. V., Gowda D. V, Sivadasu Praveen, Nithin Kundachira Subramani and Siddaramaiah Hatna


Cosmetics: Polymers in Delivery of Actives / Azila Abd. Aziz, Rosnani Hasham and Mariani Abdul Hamid


Display: Photorefractive Polymers in / Pierre-Alexandre Blanche


Drug Delivery: Biodegradable Polymers in / Sauraj Singh, Ruchir Priyadarshi, Bijender Kumar, Saleheen Ban, Farha Deeba, Asif Ali and Yuvraj Singh Negi


Drug Delivery: Microencapsulation Techniques for / Mrunal R. Waghulde and Jitendra B. Naik


Drug Delivery: PLGA-PEG-Based Bioerodable Nanoparticles / Arindam Maity, Debanjana Chakraborty, Kazi Asraf Ali and Sougata Jana


Drug Delivery: Polymeric Conjugates for Dietary Phytochemicals / Divya Arora and Sundeep Jaglan


Drug Delivery: Polymeric Membranes for Devices / Zeenat Arif, P.K. Mishra, S.N. Upadhyay and Rajeev Mehta


Drug Delivery: Polymeric Micelles / Dorota Neugebauer


Drug Delivery: Polymers and Polymeric Membranes / Shilpa Narang, Zeenat Arif, Rajeev Mehta, P.K. Mishra and S.N. Upadhyay


Drug Delivery: Polysaccharide-Based Composites / Sougata Jana and Subrata Jana


Drug Delivery: Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Prodrugs for Cancer / Sauraj, Ruchir Priyadarshi, Farha Deeba, Bijender Kumar and Yuvraj Singh Negi


Drug Delivery: Trends and Future Prospects / Ufana Riaz and Anurakshee Verma


Electronics: Nonvolatile Memory Technologies / Sreedevi Vallabhapurapu, Shengzhi Dub and Ananthakrishnan Srinivasan


Electronics: Polymer-Graphene Composites / Seema Ansari and M. N. Muralidharan


Energy: Conducting Polymers and Conjugated Porous Polymers / Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan, Nirmala Kumari Jangid, Navjeet Kaur and Masoud Mozafari


Energy: Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries / Guang Yang, Youngmin Lee and Qing Wang


Energy: Polymer Supercapacitors / Anish Benny and Soney C. George


Energy: Polymer-Functionalized Graphene / Arun K. Nandi, Pousali Chal and Arnab Shit


Energy: Polymers in Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage / Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei and Zahra Tabatabaei-Yazdi


Energy: Polymers in the Active Layer of Solar Cells / Bianca P. Santos and Maria de Fatima V. Marques


Environmental Applications: Biopolymer Sorbents for Heavy Metal Removal / Patricia Concordio-Reis and Filomena Freitas


Environmental Applications: Hydrogels / G. Roshan Deen


Environmental Applications: Polymers in / Chow Wen Shyang


Fire Protection: Flame-Retardant Additives and Fillers for Polymers / Husnugul Yilmaz Atay


Fire Protection: Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resins in / Seema Agrawal and Anudeep Kumar Narula


Fire Protection: Flame-Retardant Polymers in / Ayesha Kausar


Food Packaging: Cellulose Nanocrystals in / Prodyut Dhar, Chethana Mudenur and Vimal Katiyar


Food Packaging: Edible Products / Rungsinee Sothornvit


Food Packaging: Natural and Synthetic Biopolymers / Ruchir Priyadarshi, Anurag Kulshreshtha, Bijender Kumar, Farha Deeba and Yuvraj Singh Negi


Food Packaging: Polyhydroxyalcanoates (PHA) Containing Antimicrobial Additives / C.R. Rech, K.C S. Brabes and S.M. Martelli


Food Packaging: Polymer Composites / Garima Agrawal and Rahul Agrawal


Food Packaging: Polymers as Packaging Materials in Food Supply Chains / A B. Hemavathi and H. Siddaramaiah


Food Packaging: Starch and Non-Starch Blend Films / Hanisah Kamilah, Kaiser Mahmood, Poh Lee-Shang, Syazana Sulaiman, Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi, Fazilah Ariffin and Abd Karim Alias


Food Packaging: Starch-Based Bionanocomposites / Kalyani Prusty and Sarat K. Swain


Food: Polymers in / Vincent G. Gomes


Footwear / Saraswathy Gnanasundaram and Mohan Ranganathan


Fuel Cell: Cellulose-Based Polyelectrolyte Proton Exchange Membranes / Randa E. Khalifa, Tamer M. Tamer, Ahmed M. Omer and Mohamed S. Mohy Eldin


Fuel Cell: Polymeric Membrane / Saleheen Bano, Ruchir Priyadarshi, Sauraj, Bijender Kumar and Yuvraj Singh Negi


Furniture: Eco-Friendly Polymer Composites Applications / Md. Shahruzzaman, Shanta Biswas, Md. Minhajul Islam, Md. Sazedul Islam, Md. Shirajur Rahman, Papia Haque and Mohammed Mizanur Rahman


Furniture: Polymers in / Gibin George, Liju Elias and Zhiping Luo


Healthcare: Polymer as Vital Materials / Abhilasha Mishra, Rajesh Kumar Saini and A.K. Bajpai


Household Goods: Polymers in / Rupa Bhattacharyya and Sumit Nandi


Insulators: Polymers for High Voltage Outdoor Use / Anshul Gautampurkar and Prakash Mahanwar


Laboratory Applications: Polymers in / Oznur Dogan Ulu and Ismail Ozdemir


Marine Applications / Asit Baran Samui


Medicines: Polymers for / Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan, Nirmala Kumari Jangid, Navjeet Kaur, Bharatraj Singh Rathore, Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi and Masoud Mozafari


Membrane: Preparation by Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Inversion / Priscila Anadao and Helio Wiebeck


Membranes: Graft Modification of Polymers for / A. Bhattacharya, Romil Mehta and Paramita Manna


Membranes: Hemodialysis Applications / S. Sentilkumar and Noel Jacob Kaleekkal


Microcapsules Polymeric: Self-Healing Smart Coatings / Mahendra Mahajan and Vikas V. Gite


Microencapsulation: Phase Change Material in Textile and Building Construction / Arindam Dey, Rekha Gorai and Somenath Ganguly


Microneedles Arrays: Based on Natural Polymers / Diana Araujo and Filomena Freitas


Nanocellulose: Environmental and Engineering Applications of / Deepu A. Gopakumar, Avinash R. Pai, Sabu K. T., Sisanth K. S., Sabu Thomas and Yves Grohens


Nanocellulose: Health Care Applications / Blessy Joseph, Deepu A. Gopakumar, Hanna J. Maria, Jemy James, Yves Grohens, Sabu Thomas and Nandakumar Kalarikkal


Nanocomposites: Polyamide/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane / Ayesha Kausar, Nabila Badar and Obaid-Ur-Rahman Abid


Nanocomposites: POSS-Based / Lakshmipriya Somasekharan, Nandakumar Kalarikkal and Sabu Thomas


Orthopedic Implants: Applications of Bioabsorbable Polymers / Ligia Figueiredo, Frederico Castelo Ferreira, Luis F.V. Pinto, Nuno Ribeiro, Nuno Guitian Oliveira and Alexandra Rodrigues


Oxo-Biodegradable Polymers / Emo Chiellini, Stefania Cometa and Andrea Corti


Packaging, Active and Intelligent: Polymer Applications / Panuwat Suppakul


Packaging: Food Waste Reduction / Sergio Torres-Giner, Luis Gil, Leonor Pascual-Ramirez and Jose A. Garde-Belza


Packaging: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in / Pradnya P. Kanekar, Snehal O. Kulkarni and Sagar P. Kanekar


Packaging: Polymer-Metal-Based Micro and Nanocomposites / Rajesh Kumar Sahoo


Petroleum Production: Polymers in / Gbenga Folorunso Oluyemi


Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate): Applications / A. P. Bonartsev


Polypyrrole: Properties and Application / Amir Reza Sadrolho, Suraya Abdul Rashid and Suhaidi Shafie


Polyurethanes: Biobased / Dheeraj Ahuja and Anupama Kaushik


Porous Polymers: Gas Separation and Storage / Fateme Rezaei, Hooman Hosseini, Anirudh Krishnamurthy and Ali A. Rownaghi


Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Devices in Polymers / Zhibin Yan, Mingliang Jin and Lingling Shui


Rapid Prototyping of Polymeric Biomaterials / Swati Mishra


Recycling: Converting Waste Plastics to Polyolefin Wax / Apurv Gaidhani and Prakash Mahanwar


Recycling: Polyurethane Foam Wastes / Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje and Baharak Pooladian


Regenerative Medicine: Natural Polymers / Suraj K. Nayak, Shresthaa Patel, Suprio R. Paul, Barbiee Choudhary, Seemadri Subhadarshini, Anshuman K. Sahu, Vinay K. Singh, Arfat Anis and Kunal Pal


Resorbable Embolics / Lihui Weng and Randy Donelson


Semiconducting Polymers in Photovoltaics / Veeman Sannasi, Mohan Ramesh and Duraisamy Jeyakumar


Sensors: Advanced Aptasensors Design / Rinkesh Bhatt, Laxmi P. Bagri, Rajesh Saini and Anil Kumar Bajpai


Sensors: Ion Sensing Polymers / Tsuyoshi Michinobu and Yang Wang


Sensors: Natural Polymeric Composites / Ahmet Ulu and Burhan Ates


Sensors: Polymers in Sensing / Balaprasad Ankamwar and Saee Gharpure


Sensors: Zeolite-Polymer Composites for Gas Sensing / Muzzaffar Ahmad Mir, Muzzaffar Ahmad Bhat, Shiekh Abdul Majid and Radha Tomar


Separation: Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in / Lei Yang, Xiaoguang Fan and Jing Zhang


Separation: Polymers in / Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei and Samal Babanzadeh


Smart Polymers: Lightweight Composites and Foams Tailored with Magnetic Field / L. Sorrentino, M. D'Auria and D. Davino


Smart Polymers: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers/ Monica Diaz-Bao, Rocio Barreiro, Alberto Cepeda and Patricia Regal


Spin Coated Films of Polymeric Materials / Ayesha Kausar


Starch: Renewable Source for Thermoplastic / Ridhwan Jumaidina, Salit M. Sapuana, Mohammad Jawaid, Mohammad Ishak and Japar Saharie


Textile: Fiber Forming Polymers / Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan


Textile: Flame Retardancy Through Surface Engineering / Giulio Malucelli


Textile: Polymer-Based Materials / Ayesha Kausar


Textile: Stimuli-Responsive Polymers in / Desislava Staneva and Ivo Grabchev


Textile: Substrates Modification by Novel Polymers / Majid Montazer and Tina Harifi


Textiles: Novel Polymers / Bipin Kumar and Ning Pan


Textiles: Polymers and Fibers / Xuqing Liu, Xinyi Guan and Hongjun Yu


Thermogelling Polymers: Biomedical Applications / Gurpreet Kaur, Divya Thakur and Pallavi Bassi


Tissue Engineering: Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Materials and Composites / L. R. Lizarraga-Valderrama, C. Thomas, J. I. Cadiz-Miranda and I. Roy


Tissue Engineering: Polymeric Dermal Filler / Nattaya Lourith and Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul


Tissue Engineering: Polymeric Scaffolds for MSC-Based Cartilage / Samaneh Hosseini, Fatemeh Bagheri, Mohammad Amin Shamekhi and Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad


Tissue Engineering: Polymers in Soft Tissue Cartilage / Sunaina Indermun, Mershen Govender, Pradeep Kumar, Yahya E. Choonara amd Viness Pillay


Tissue Engineering: Thermoplastics for Scaffold / D. Purnima, S. Aparna, Namrata Verma, Karan Khubdikar, Anurag Patil and Anusha Iyangar


Value-Added Products from Natural Fibers Reinforced Composites / Yasir Beeran Pottathara, Deepu Ambika Gopakumar, Yves Grohens and Sabu Thomas


Veterinary Medicine: Polymers in / Olufunke Nwosu, Blessing Aderibigbe, Inge-Marie Petzer and Rebone Moerane


Water Treatment: Metal and Metal Oxide Asymmetric Poly(Ether)Sulfone Nanocomposite Membranes / Behnam Gohari, Kyle Russell, Benjamin Church and Nidal Abu-Zahra


Water Treatment: Polymers for Coagulation and Flocculation / A.Y. Zahrim, Z.D. Dexter and I. Azreen


Wholly Aromatic Polyamide-hydrazides / Nadia A. Mohamed