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An Integrated Approach for Added-Value Products from Lignocellulosic Biorefineries: Vanillin, Syringaldehyde, Polyphenols and Polyurethane

An Integrated Approach for Added-Value Products from Lignocellulosic Biorefineries: Vanillin, Syringaldehyde, Polyphenols and Polyurethane

Autorzy
Wydawnictwo Springer, Berlin
Data wydania
Liczba stron 166
Forma publikacji książka w twardej oprawie
Język angielski
ISBN 9783319993126
Kategorie Chemia przemysłowa
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Opis książki

This book offers the state of the art on the progress and accomplishments of 25 years of research at the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials on lignin conversion to value-added products and their downstream separation. The first valorisation pathway presented for lignin is its partial depolymerisation by oxidation for the production of low molecular weight phenolic compounds, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde, and the second one is the lignin application as macromonomer for polyurethane synthesis.

In this book, the authors present the integration of these two valorisation pathways as an exclusive vision of LSRE-LCM resulting from hands-on experience on reaction and separation processes: the integrated process for lignin valorisation. In this perspective, the lignin is oxidized to simultaneously produce syringaldehyde and vanillin, and the obtained by-products to produce a polyol for lignin-based polyurethanes, completing the lignin value chain. On the perspective of pulp mill-related biorefineries, a valorisation route for eucalyptus bark is also presented, focusing on LSRE-LCM experience on extraction and separation of bioactive polyphenols, giving some insights about further integration of extracted bark on biorefining operations.

An Integrated Approach for Added-Value Products from Lignocellulosic Biorefineries: Vanillin, Syringaldehyde, Polyphenols and Polyurethane

Spis treści

1.    Chemical pulp mills as biorefineries

1.1  General overview: delignification industrial processes

1.2  Side-streams and current recovery cycles of chemicals and energy in typical mills

1.3  The integration of new biorefinery processes in pulp industries

1.4  Lignin: the main side-stream from delignification processes

1.4.1          Types of lignins and up-to-date market

1.4.2          Lignins from new incoming delignification processes

1.4.3          The cost and the revenues of lignin separation from liquid side streams in a pulp mill

1.5  Lignin characterization and classification

1.5.1          Impact of delignification process on the structure of the lignin

1.5.2          Radar tool for lignin classification on the perspective of it valorization

1.5.3          Improving and recognizing the lignin quality in biorefineries

1.6  Bark: an unrecognized valuable lignocellulosic material

1.6.1          Chemical composition. The particular case of Eucalyptus globulus bark

1.6.2      &n

bsp;   Current and potential commercial products from bark

 

2.    Integrated process for vanillin and syringaldehyde production from kraft lignin

2.1 Oxidation of lignin with O2 in alkaline medium

2.1.1      Batch oxidation

               2.2.1.1 Kinetics and modelling of reaction in batch reactor for vanillin production

               2.2.1.2 Syringaldeh

yde as the main product from hardwood lignins

               2.2.1.3 Oxidation of Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulping liquor versus kraft lignin

2.1.2      Oxidation in co-current gas-liquid flow structured packed reactor

               2.1.2.1 Experimental and modelling of vanillin production

               2.1.2.2 Experiments of oxidation of hardwood pulping liquor and lignins

2.2 Separation processes

2.2.1      Membrane separation of

phenolates from depolymerized lignin

2.2.2      Ion exchange process for vanillin recovery

2.2.3      Adsorption and desorption of vanillin and syringaldehyde onto polymeric resins

2.3 The integrated process for complete lignin valorization into phenolic compounds and polyurethanes

 

3.    Polyurethanes from recovered and depolymerized lignins

3.1 Overview of strategies and opportunities

3.2 Lignin use as such

   &n

bsp;   3.2.1 Reactive filler in polyurethane foams

       3.2.2 Additive to enhance biodegradability

       3.2.3 Co-monomer to produce elastomers

3.3 Lignin use after chemical modification

       3.3.1 Overview of lignin liquefaction processes

       3.3.2 Oxypropylation as a viable route to produce liquid polyols

       3.3.3 Screening of opportunities for oxypropylated lignin

       3.3.4 Production of rigi

d polyurethane foams

3.4. Lignin use after depolymerization

4.    Polyphenols from bark of Eucalyptus globulus

4.1 Composition of polar extracts

4.2 Extraction of polyphenols

4.2.1 Water and alkaline extractions: selectivity and concentration strategy

4.2.2 Ethanol/water extraction: process optimization for phenolic compounds

4.2.3 Screening for valuable applications: tanning proprieties and biological activity

4.3 Fractionation of ethanolic extracts from Eucalyptus globulus bark

4.3.1 Membrane processing

4.3.1.1 Resistance and cake build up analysis in the ultrafiltration of ethanol:water extract (80:20 v/v)

4.3.1.2 Application of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration to etanol/water extract (52:48 v/v)

4.3.2 Diafiltration and adsorption for purification and concentration of polyphenols

 

5.    Conclusions and future perspectives

 

6.    References

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