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Musculoskeletal X-rays for Medical Students provides the key principles and skills needed for the assessment of normal and abnormal musculoskeletal radiographs. With a focus on concise information and clear visual presentation, it uses a unique colour overlay system to clearly present abnormalities. Musculoskeletal X-rays for Medical Students: * Presents each radiograph twice, side by side - once as would be seen in a clinical setting and again with clearly highlighted anatomy or pathology * Focuses on radiographic appearances and abnormalities seen in common clinical presentations, highlighting key learning points relevant to each condition * Covers introductory principles, normal anatomy and common pathologies, in addition to disease-specific sections covering adult and paediatric practice * Includes self-assessment to test knowledge and presentation techniques Musculoskeletal X-rays for Medical Students is designed for medical students, junior doctors, nurses and radiographers, and is ideal for both study and clinical reference.

Musculoskeletal X-rays for Medical Students

Preface, vii Acknowledgements, viii Part 1: Introduction, 1 1 Musculoskeletal X -rays, 3 Introduction, 3 Basic principles of requesting plain radiographs of bones and joints, 4 Basic principles of examining and reporting plain radiographs of bones and joints, 6 Normal anatomy on musculoskeletal X-rays, 8 Part 2: Pathology, 21 2 Trauma, 23 Bone and joint injuries, 23 Specific injuries, 41 Spine, 58 Paediatric fractures, 67 Fractures in child abuse, 73 Further reading, 76 3 Arthritis, 77 Osteoarthritis, 77 Rheumatoid arthritis, 80 Crystal arthropathy, 83 Gout, 83 Calcium pyrophosphate disease, 86 Psoriatic arthritis, 91 Axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis), 95 4 Tumours and tumour -like lesions, 98 Radiological evaluation of the patient, 98 X-rays general principles, 101 Malignant tumours, 105 Bone metastases, 105 Multiple myeloma, 107 Plasmacytoma, 108 Osteosarcoma, 110 Chondrosarcoma, 111 Ewing s sarcoma, 113 Benign tumours, 114 Exostosis (Osteochondroma), 115 Osteoid osteoma, 116 Tumour -like lesions, 117 Simple bone cyst, 118 Infection, 119 5 Metabolic bone disease, 120 Osteoporosis, 120 Osteomalacia, 121 Hyperparathyroidism, 122 Chronic kidney disease metabolic bone disorder, 124 Haemochromatosis, 126 6 Infection, 128 Routes of spread, 128 Causative organisms, 128 Osteomyelitis, 129 Septic arthritis, 134 Infective discitis, 136 7 Non -traumatic paediatric conditions, 138 Developmental dysplasia of the hip, 138 Perthes disease, 140 Tarsal coalition, 141 Osteochondritis dissecans, 143 8 Other bone pathology, 144 Paget s disease of bone, 144 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (HOA), 147 Avascular necrosis, 147 9 Joint replacement, 149 Hardware failure and aseptic loosening, 149 Infection, 154 Malalignment and instability, 155 Periprosthetic fracture, 156 Part 3, 157 Self-assessment questions, 159 Self-assessment answers, 172 Index, 185