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A comprehensive and interdisciplinary guide to systems engineering


Systems Engineering: Principles and Practice, 3rd Edition is the leading interdisciplinary reference for systems engineers. The up-to-date third edition provides readers with discussions of model-based systems engineering, requirements analysis, engineering design, and software design. Freshly updated governmental and commercial standards, architectures, and processes are covered in-depth. The book includes newly updated topics on:





Risk

Prototyping

Modeling and simulation

Software/computer systems engineering



Examples and exercises appear throughout the text, allowing the reader to gauge their level of retention and learning. Systems Engineering: Principles and Practice was and remains the standard textbook used worldwide for the study of traditional systems engineering. The material is organized in a manner that allows for quick absorption of industry best practices and methods.


Throughout the book, best practices and relevant alternatives are discussed and compared, encouraging the reader to think through various methods like a practicing systems engineer.

Systems Engineering Principles and Practice, Third Edition

List of Illustrations xv





List of Tables xix





Preface to the Third Edition xxi





Preface to the Second Edition xxv





Preface to the First Edition xxix





Part I Foundations of Systems Engineering 1





1 Systems Engineering and the World of Modern Systems 3





1.1 What is Systems Engineering? 3





1.2 The Systems Engineering Landscape 5





1.3 Systems Engineering Viewpoint 9





1.4 Perspectives of Systems Engineering 12





1.5 Examples of Systems Requiring Systems Engineering 16





1.6 Systems Engineering Activities and Products 20





1.7 Systems Engineering as a Profession 20





1.8 Systems Engineer Career Development Model 24





1.9 Summary 27





Problems 29





References 30





Further Reading 30





2 Structure of Complex Systems 33





2.1 System Elements and Interfaces 33





2.2 Hierarchy of Complex Systems 34





2.3 System Building Blocks 38





2.4 The System Environment 43





2.5 Interfaces and Interactions 51





2.6 Complexity in Modern Systems 54





2.7 Summary 57





Problems 58





Reference 59





Further Reading 60





3 The System Development Process 61





3.1 Systems Engineering Through the System Life Cycle 61





3.2 System Life Cycle 62





3.3 Evolutionary Characteristics of the Development Process 74





3.4 The Systems Engineering Method 81





3.5 Testing Throughout System Development 94





3.6 Summary 96





Problems 98





Reference 99





Further Reading 99





4 Systems Engineering Management 101





4.1 Managing System Development 101





4.2 Work Breakdown Structure 103





4.3 Systems Engineering Management Plan 108





4.4 Organization of Systems Engineering 111





4.5 Summary 115





Problems 116





Further Reading 116





Part II Concept Development Stage 119





5 Needs Analysis 121





5.1 Originating a New System 121





5.2 Systems Thinking 130





5.3 Operations Analysis 132





5.4 Feasibility Definition 143





5.5 Needs Validation 145





5.6 Summary 149





Problems 150





References 151





Further Reading 151





6 Requirements Analysis 153





6.1 Developing the System Requirements 153





6.2 Requirements Development and Sources 157





6.3 Requirements Features and Attributes 160





6.4 Requirements Development Process 163





6.5 Requirements Hierarchy 167





6.6 Requirements Metrics 175





6.7 Requirements Verification and Validation 177





6.8 Requirements Development: TSE vs. Agile 179





6.9 Summary 179





Problems 181





Further Reading 181





7 Functional Analysis 183





7.1 Selecting the System Concept 183





7.2 Functional Analysis and Formulation 188





7.3 Functional Allocation 194





7.4 Functional Analysis Products 197





7.5 Traceability to Requirements 202





7.6 Concept Development Space 204





7.7 Summary 206





Problems 207





Further Reading 208





8 Evaluation and Selection 209





8.1 Evaluating and Selecting the System Concept 209





8.2 Alternatives Analysis 210





8.3 Operations Research Techniques 214





8.4 Economics and Affordability 218





8.5 Events and Decisions for Consideration 222





8.6 Alternative Concept Development and Concept Selection 224





8.7 Concept Validation 229





8.8 Traditional vs. Agile SE Approach to Concept Evaluation 230





8.9 Summary 231





Problems 233





References 234





Further Reading 234





9 Systems Architecting 235





9.1 Architecture Introduction 235





9.2 Types of Architecture 236





9.3 Architecture Frameworks 241





9.4 Architectural Views 244





9.5 Architecture Development 246





9.6 Architecture Traceability 247





9.7 Architecture Validation 248





9.8 Summary 249





Problems 251





Further Reading 251





10 Model?Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) 253





10.1 MBSE Introduction 253





10.2 MBSE Languages 259





10.3 MBSE Tools 260





10.4 MBSE Used in the SE Life Cycle 262





10.5 Examples 263





10.6 Summary 267





Problems 272





References 273





Further Reading 273





11 Decision Analysis and Support 275





11.1 Decision Making 276





11.2 Modeling Throughout System Development 282





11.3 Modeling for Decisions 282





11.4 Simulation 287





11.5 Trade?Off Analysis 296





11.6 Evaluation Methods 313





11.7 Summary 321





Problems 324





References 324





Further Reading 325





12 Risk Management 327





12.1 Risk Management in the SE Life Cycle 327





12.2 Risk Management 328





12.3 Risk Traceability/Allocation 337





12.4 Risk Analysis Techniques 338





12.5 Summary 345





Problems 346





Reference 346





Further Reading 347





Part III Engineering Development Phase 349





13 Advanced Development 351





13.1 Reducing Uncertainties 351





13.2 Requirements Analysis 356





13.3 Functional Analysis and Design 361





13.4 Prototype Development as a Risk Mitigation Technique 367





13.5 Development Testing 376





13.6 Risk Reduction 385





13.7 Summary 387





Problems 388





References 390





Further Reading 391





14 Software Systems Engineering 393





14.1 Components of Software 394





14.2 Coping with Complexity and Abstraction 394





14.3 Nature of Software Development 398





14.4 Software Development Life Cycle Models 403





14.5 Software Concept Development: Analysis and Design 412





14.6 Software Engineering Development: Coding and Unit Test 424





14.7 Software Integration and Test 432





14.8 Software Engineering Management 435





14.9 Summary 442





Problems 445





References 446





Further Reading 446





15 Engineering Design 449





15.1 Implementing the System Building Blocks 449





15.2 Requirements Analysis 454





15.3 Functional Analysis and Design 456





15.4 Component Design 460





15.5 Design Validation 473





15.6 Configuration Management 478





15.7 Summary 481





Problems 483





Further Reading 483





16 Systems Integration 485





16.1 Integrating the Total System 485





16.2 System Integration Hierarchy 488





16.3 Types of Integration 492





16.4 Integration Planning 494





16.5 Integration Facilities 494





16.6 Summary 496





Problems 497





References 498





Further Reading 498





17 Test and Evaluation 499





17.1 Testing and Evaluating the Total System 499





17.2 Developmental System Testing 509





17.3 Operational Test and Evaluation 515





17.4 Human Factors Testing 523





17.5 Test Planning and Preparation 524





17.6 Test Traceability 529





17.7 System of Systems Testing 529





17.8 Summary 530





Problems 533





References 534





Further Reading 534





Part IV Post?Development Stage 537





18 Production 539





18.1 Systems Engineering in the Factory 539





18.2 Engineering for Production 541





18.3 Transition from Development to Production 545





18.4 Production Operations 549





18.5 Acquiring a Production Knowledge Base 554





18.6 Summary 557





Problems 559





References 560





Further Reading 560





19 Operation and Support 561





19.1 Installing, Maintaining, and Upgrading the System 561





19.2 Installation and Test 564





19.3 In?Service Support 569





19.4 Major System Upgrades: Modernization 573





19.5 Operational Factors in System Development 577





19.6 Summary 580





Problems 581





Reference 582





Further Reading 582





20 System of Systems Engineering 583





20.1 System of Systems Engineering 583





20.2 Differences Between SOS and TSE 584





20.3 Types of SOS 587





20.4 Attributes of SOS 590





20.5 Challenges to System of Systems Engineering 591





20.6 Summary 593





Problems 595





References 595





Further Reading 596





Part V Systems Domains 597





21 Enterprise Systems Engineering 599





21.1 Enterprise Systems Engineering 599





21.2 Definitions of Enterprise Systems Engineering 600





21.3 Processes and Components of Enterprise Systems Engineering 603





21.4 Enterprise Systems Engineering Applications to Domains 605





21.5 Challenges to Enterprise Systems Engineering 606





21.6 Summary 607





Problems 607





References 608





Further Reading 609





22 Systems Security Engineering 611





22.1 Systems Security Engineering 611





22.2 Types of Security 613





22.3 Security Applications to Systems Engineering 616





22.4 Security Applications to Domains 619





22.5 Security Validation and Analysis 621





22.6 Summary 621





Problems 623





Further Reading 624





23 The Future of Systems Engineering 627





23.1 Introduction and Motivation 627





23.2 Areas to Apply the Systems Engineering Approach 630





23.3 Education for the Future Systems Engineer 632





23.4 Concluding Remarks 634





23.5 Summary 635





Problems 636





Further Reading 636





Index 639





Wiley Series in Systems Engineering and Management 000