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THE NETWORK PROFESSIONAL’S GUIDE TO PLANNING, DESIGNING, AND DEPLOYING 5G TRANSPORT NETWORKS

As 5G transforms mobile usage and services, network professionals will need to significantly evolve their transport network architectures towards greater sophistication and stronger integration with radio networks, and facilitate transition towards cloud-native 5G mobile core. Until now, however, most 5G guides have foregrounded RF/radio and mobile core innovations, not its implications for data networks. A Network Architect’s Guide to 5G fills the gap, giving network architects, designers, and engineers essential knowledge for designing and planning their own 5G networks.

Drawing on decades of experience with global service providers and enterprise networks, the authors illuminate new and evolving network technologies necessary for building 5G-capable networks, such as segment routing, network slicing, timing and synchronization, edge computing, distributed data centers, integration with public cloud, and more. They explain how 5G blurs boundaries between mobile core, radio access, and transport, as well as the changes in the composition of a traditional cell site with the adoption of Open and Virtualized RAN resulting in a transition to mobile xHaul. Every chapter builds on earlier coverage, culminating in a “big picture” presentation of a complete 5G network design.

• Understand the evolution of mobile technologies over the generation leading to 5G’s foundational concepts and principles.
• Explore 5G changes to Radio Access Networks (RAN), the Mobile Core, Mobile Transport, and the need for tighter integration between them.
• Use Segment Routing to architect simplified, SDN-capable networks, and enable network slicing for 5G.
• Rethink transport design to incorporate Far-Edge, Edge, and public-cloud based data centers augmenting centralized DCs to support distributed peering and Multi-access Edge Compute.
• Provide guidance to meet the criteria and requirements for various aspects of Fronthaul, Midhaul, and Backhaul architecture, such as transport protocol evaluation, latency consideration, routing design, QoS modeling, network device selection, and more.
• Forge a cohesive 5G network architecture by combining mobile communications principles with advanced transport technologies.

Introduction xx

Chapter 1: A Peek at the Past 2

    Brief History of Pre-Cellular Mobile Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

    The Very First Cellular Networks: 1G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

    Second Generation (2G) Cellular Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

    Generation Two and a Half (2.5G). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

    Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

        Third Generation (3G).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Chapter 2: Anatomy of Mobile Communication Networks 28

    Understanding Radio Access Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

    Mobile Transport and Backhaul.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

    Mobile Core Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Chapter 3: Mobile Networks Today 76

    3GPP Releases and Evolved Packet System.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

    Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Architecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

    RAN Evolution.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

    Modern Mobile Backhaul Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Chapter 4: The Promise of 5G 120

    Emerging Trends and Expectations from Mobile Networks.. . . . . . . . . . 121

    5G Technology Enablers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

    5G Service Offerings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Chapter 5: 5G Fundamentals 138

    5G Radio Access Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

    5G Core Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

    5G Transport Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Chapter 6: Emerging Technologies for 5G-Ready Networks: Segment Routing 212

    Complexity in Today’s Network.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

    Introducing Segment Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

    Segment Routing Traffic Engineering (SR-TE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

    Software-Defined Transport with Segment Routing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

    5G Transport Network Slicing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

    Redundancy and High Availability with Segment Routing.. . . . . . . . . . . 238

    Segment Routing for IPv6 (SRv6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Chapter 7: Essential Technologies for 5G-Ready Networks:

    DC Architecture and Edge Computing 250

    Data Center Basics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

    From Centralized to Distributed to Cloud Data Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . 257

    Deploying Data Centers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

    Optimizing Compute Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Chapter 8: Essential Technologies for 5G-Ready Networks: Transport Services 274

    What’s a 5G Transport Service?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

    VPN Services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

    Transport Services Across MCN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Chapter 9: Essential Technologies for 5G-Ready Networks: Timing and Synchronization 302

    Types of Synchronization.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

    Why Synchronization Is Important in 5G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

    Synchronization Sources and Clock Types.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

    Implementing Timing in Mobile Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Chapter 10: Designing and Implementing 5G Network Architecture 334

    5G Architecture Recap.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

    5G Fronthaul Considerations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

    xHaul Transport Technology Choices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

    Designing the Mobile Transport Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

    Routing Design Simplification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

    Transport Services for 5G MCN.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

    Taking MCN to the Cloud.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

    Automation in 5G Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

    Deciphering 5G Mobile Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

    Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

    References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Afterword: Beyond 5G 386

9780137376841, TOC, 4/14/2022