Political parties are essential for the functioning of parliamentary democracy but how have parties adapted to the challenges created by the growth of a new layer of political decision-making at the supranational level, i.e. the EU? This comparative survey focuses on parties in four Nordic countries, including Norway, which remains outside the EU.
Political Parties in Multi-Level Polities: The Nordic Countries Compared
List of Tables List of Figures Preface Notes on the Authors Parties and the Challenge of Multi-Level Politics Principals, Agents, Parties and the EU Denmark: Party Agents on Tight Leashes Finland: From Permissive Consensus to Angry Birds? Norway: Strong Yet Marginalised Parties Sweden: Power to the Parliamentarians? Conclusions: Nordic Political Parties, European Union and the Challenge References