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This book serves as a tool for any engineer who wants to learn about circuits, electrical machines and drives, power electronics, and power systems basicsFrom time to time, engineers find they need to brush up on certain fundamentals within electrical engineering. This clear and concise book is the ideal learning tool for them to quickly learn the basics or develop an understanding of newer topics.Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering: From Electromagnetics to Power Systems helps nonelectrical engineers amass power system information quickly by imparting tools and trade tricks for remembering basic concepts and grasping new developments. Created to provide more in-depth knowledge of fundamentals--rather than a broad range of applications only--this comprehensive and up-to-date book:* Covers topics such as circuits, electrical machines and drives, power electronics, and power system basics as well as new generation technologies* Allows nonelectrical engineers to build their electrical knowledge quickly* Includes exercises with worked solutions to assist readers in grasping concepts found in the book* Contains "in-depth" side bars throughout which pique the reader's curiosityFundamentals of Electric Power Engineering is an ideal refresher course for those involved in this interdisciplinary branch.For supplementary files for this book, please visit http://booksupport.wiley.com

Fundamentals of Electric Power Engineering: From Electromagnetics to Power Systems

PREFACE xvABOUT THE AUTHORS xixPART I PRELIMINARY MATERIAL 11 Introduction 31.1 The Scope of Electrical Engineering, 31.2 This Book's Scope and Organization, 71.3 International Standards and Their Usage in This Book, 81.3.1 International Standardization Bodies, 81.3.2 The International System of Units (SI), 91.3.3 Graphic Symbols for Circuit Drawings, 111.3.4 Names, Symbols, and Units, 131.3.5 Other Conventions, 151.4 Specific Conventions and Symbols in This Book, 151.4.1 Boxes Around Text, 161.4.2 Grayed Boxes, 161.4.3 Terminology, 171.4.4 Acronyms, 171.4.5 Reference Designations, 182 The Fundamental Laws of Electromagnetism 192.1 Vector Fields, 202.2 Definition of E and B; Lorentz's Force Law, 222.3 Gauss's Law, 252.4 Ampere's Law and Charge Conservation, 262.4.1 Magnetic Field and Matter, 312.5 Faraday's Law, 322.6 Gauss's Law for Magnetism, 352.7 Constitutive Equations of Matter, 362.7.1 General Considerations, 362.7.2 Continuous Charge Flow Across Conductors, 362.8 Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves, 382.9 Historical Notes, 402.9.1 Short Biography of Faraday, 402.9.2 Short Biography of Gauss, 402.9.3 Short Biography of Maxwell, 412.9.4 Short Biography of Ampere, 412.9.5 Short Biography of Lorentz, 41PART II ELECTRIC CIRCUIT CONCEPT AND ANALYSIS 433 Circuits as Modelling Tools 453.1 Introduction, 463.2 Definitions, 483.3 Charge Conservation and Kirchhoff's Current Law, 503.3.1 The Charge Conservation Law, 503.3.2 Charge Conservation and Circuits, 513.3.3 The Electric Current, 533.3.4 Formulations of Kirchhoff's Current Law, 553.4 Circuit Potentials and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, 603.4.1 The Electric Field Inside Conductors, 603.4.2 Formulations of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, 643.5 Solution of a Circuit, 653.5.1 Determining Linearly Independent Kirchhoff Equations (Loop-Cuts Method), 663.5.2 Constitutive Equations, 683.5.3 Number of Variables and Equations, 703.6 The Substitution Principle, 733.7 Kirchhoff's Laws in Comparison with Electromagnetism Laws, 753.8 Power in Circuits, 763.8.1 Tellegen's Theorem and Energy Conservation Law in Circuits, 783.9 Historical Notes, 803.9.1 Short Biography of Kirchhoff, 803.9.2 Short Biography of Tellegen, 804 Techniques for Solving DC Circuits 834.1 Introduction, 844.2 Modelling Circuital Systems with Constant Quantities as Circuits, 844.2.1 The Basic Rule, 844.2.2 Resistors: Ohm's Law, 874.2.3 Ideal and "Real" Voltage and Current Sources, 894.3 Solving Techniques, 914.3.1 Basic Usage of Combined Kirchhoff-Constitutive Equations, 924.3.2 Nodal Analysis, 954.3.3 Mesh Analysis, 984.3.4 Series and Parallel Resistors; Star/Delta Conversion, 994.3.5 Voltage and Current Division, 1034.3.6 Linearity and Superposition, 1054.3.7 Thévenin's Theorem, 1074.4 Power and Energy and Joule's Law, 1124.5 More Examples, 1144.6 Resistive Circuits Operating with Variable Quantities, 1204.7 Historical Notes, 1214.7.1 Short Biography of Ohm, 1214.7.2 Short Biography of Thévenin, 1214.7.3 Short Biography of Joule, 1224.8 Proposed Exercises, 1225 Techniques for Solving AC Circuits 1315.1 Introduction, 1325.2 Energy Storage Elements, 1325.2.1 Power in Time-Varying Circuits, 1335.2.2 The Capacitor, 1335.2.3 Inductors and Magnetic Circuits, 1365.3 Modelling Time-Varying Circuital Systems as Circuits, 1405.3.1 The Basic Rule, 1405.3.2 Modelling Circuital Systems When Induced EMFs Between Wires Cannot Be Neglected, 1455.3.3 Mutual Inductors and the Ideal Transformer, 1465.3.4 Systems Containing Ideal Transformers: Magnetically Coupled Circuits, 1505.4 Simple R-L and R-C Transients, 1525.5 AC Circuit Analysis, 1555.5.1 Sinusoidal Functions, 1555.5.2 Steady-State Behaviour of Linear Circuits Using Phasors, 1565.5.3 AC Circuit Passive Parameters, 1635.5.4 The Phasor Circuit, 1645.5.5 Circuits Containing Sources with Different Frequencies, 1695.6 Power in AC Circuits, 1715.6.1 Instantaneous, Active, Reactive, and Complex Powers, 1715.6.2 Circuits Containing Sources Having Different Frequencies, 1775.6.3 Conservation of Complex, Active, and Reactive Powers, 1785.6.4 Power Factor Correction, 1805.7 Historical Notes, 1845.7.1 Short Biography of Boucherot, 1845.8 Proposed Exercises, 1846 Three-Phase Circuits 1916.1 Introduction, 1916.2 From Single-Phase to Three-Phase Systems, 1926.2.1 Modelling Three-Phase Lines When Induced EMFs Between Wires Are Not Negligible, 1986.3 The Single-Phase Equivalent of the Three-Phase Circuit, 2006.4 Power in Three-Phase Systems, 2026.5 Single-Phase Feeding from Three-Phase Systems, 2066.6 Historical Notes, 2096.6.1 Short Biography of Tesla, 2096.7 Proposed Exercises, 209PART III ELECTRIC MACHINES AND STATIC CONVERTERS 2137 Magnetic Circuits and Transformers 2157.1 Introduction, 2157.2 Magnetic Circuits and Single-Phase Transformers, 2157.3 Three-Phase Transformers, 2257.4 Magnetic Hysteresis and Core Losses, 2277.5 Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Tests, 2307.6 Permanent Magnets, 2337.7 Proposed Exercises, 2358 Fundamentals of Electronic Power Conversion 2398.1 Introduction, 2398.2 Power Electronic Devices, 2408.2.1 Diodes, Thyristors, Controllable Switches, 2408.2.2 The Branch Approximation of Thyristors and Controllable Switches, 2428.2.3 Diodes, 2438.2.4 Thyristors, 2468.2.5 Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), 2488.2.6 Summary of Power Electronic Devices, 2508.3 Power Electronic Converters, 2518.3.1 Rectifiers, 2518.3.2 DC-DC Converters, 2578.3.3 Inverters, 2648.4 Analysis of Periodic Quantities, 2768.4.1 Introduction, 2768.4.2 Periodic Quantities and Fourier's Series, 2768.4.3 Properties of Periodic Quantities and Examples, 2798.4.4 Frequency Spectrum of Periodic Signals, 2808.5 Filtering Basics, 2838.5.1 The Basic Principle, 2838.6 Summary, 2899 Principles of Electromechanical Conversion 2919.1 Introduction, 2929.2 Electromechanical Conversion in a Translating Bar, 2929.3 Basic Electromechanics in Rotating Machines, 2979.3.1 Rotating Electrical Machines and Faraday's Law, 2979.3.2 Generation of Torques in Rotating Machines, 3019.3.3 Electromotive Force and Torque in Distributed Coils, 3029.3.4 The Uniform Magnetic Field Equivalent, 3049.4 Reluctance-Based Electromechanical Conversion, 30510 DC Machines and Drives and Universal Motors 30910.1 Introduction, 31010.2 The Basic Idea and Generation of Quasi-Constant Voltage, 31010.3 Operation of a DC Generator Under Load, 31510.4 Different Types of DC Machines, 31810.4.1 Generators and Motors, 31810.4.2 Starting a DC Motor with Constant Field Current, 32010.4.3 Independent, Shunt, PM, and Series Excitation Motors, 32610.5 Universal Motors, 32910.6 DC Electric Drives, 33110.7 Proposed Exercises, 33511 Synchronous Machines and Drives 33711.1 The Basic Idea and Generation of EMF, 33811.2 Operation Under Load, 34511.2.1 The Rotating Magnetic Field, 34511.2.2 Stator-Rotor Interaction, 34811.2.3 The Phasor Diagram and the Single-Phase Equivalent Circuit, 35011.3 Practical Considerations, 35311.3.1 Power Exchanges, 35311.3.2 Generators and Motors, 35711.4 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines, 35911.5 Synchronous Electric Drives, 36011.5.1 Introduction, 36011.5.2 PM, Inverter-Fed, Synchronous Motor Drives, 36111.5.3 Control Implementation, 36611.6 Historical Notes, 37011.6.1 Short Biography of Ferraris and Behn-Eschemburg, 37011.7 Proposed Exercises, 37112 Induction Machines and Drives 37312.1 Induction Machine Basics, 37412.2 Machine Model and Analysis, 37812.3 No-Load and Blocked-Rotor Tests, 39112.4 Induction Machine Motor Drives, 39412.5 Single-Phase Induction Motors, 39912.5.1 Introduction, 39912.5.2 Different Motor Types, 40212.6 Proposed Exercises, 404PART IV POWER SYSTEMS BASICS 40913 Low-Voltage Electrical Installations 41113.1 Another Look at the Concept of the Electric Power System, 41113.2 Electrical Installations: A Basic Introduction, 41313.3 Loads, 41813.4 Cables, 42213.4.1 Maximum Permissible Current and Choice of the Cross-Sectional Area, 42213.5 Determining Voltage Drop, 42713.6 Overcurrents and Overcurrent Protection, 42913.6.1 Overloads, 42913.6.2 Short Circuits, 43013.6.3 Breaker Characteristics and Protection Against Overcurrents, 43213.7 Protection in Installations: A Long List, 43714 Electric Shock and Protective Measures 43914.1 Introduction, 43914.2 Electricity and the Human Body, 44014.2.1 Effects of Current on Human Beings, 44014.2.2 The Mechanism of Current Dispersion in the Earth, 44314.2.3 A Circuital Model for the Human Body, 44414.2.4 The Human Body in a Live Circuit, 44614.2.5 System Earthing: TT, TN, and IT, 44814.3 Protection Against Electric Shock, 45014.3.1 Direct and Indirect Contacts, 45014.3.2 Basic Protection (Protection Against Direct Contact), 45114.3.3 Fault Protection (Protection Against Indirect Contact), 45314.3.4 SELV Protection System, 45814.4 The Residual Current Device (RCD) Principle of Operation, 45914.5 What Else?, 462References, 46215 Large Power Systems: Structure and Operation 46515.1 Aggregation of Loads and Installations: The Power System, 46515.2 Toward AC Three-Phase Systems, 46615.3 Electricity Distribution Networks, 46815.4 Transmission and Interconnection Grids, 47015.5 Modern Structure of Power Systems and Distributed Generation, 47315.6 Basics of Power System Operation, 47515.6.1 Frequency Regulation, 47815.6.2 Voltage Regulation, 48015.7 Vertically Integrated Utilities and Deregulated Power Systems, 48215.8 Recent Challenges and Smart Grids, 48415.9 Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage, 48615.9.1 Photovoltaic Plants, 48615.9.2 Wind Power Plants, 49015.9.3 Energy Storage, 494Appendix: Transmission Line Modelling and Port-Based Circuits 501A.1 Modelling Transmission Lines Through Circuits, 501A.1.1 Issues and Solutions When Displacement Currents are Neglected, 502A.1.2 Steady-State Analysis Considering Displacement Currents, 506A.1.3 Practical Considerations, 509A.2 Modelling Lines as Two-Port Components, 510A.2.1 Port-Based Circuits, 510A.2.2 Port-Based Circuit and Transmission Lines, 511A.2.3 A Sample Application, 512A.3 Final Comments, 513SELECTED REFERENCES 515ANSWERS TO THE PROPOSED EXERCISES 519INDEX 529