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An updated, comprehensive guide to monetizing intellectual property assets
Intellectual Property, Valuation, Exploration, and Infringement Damages removes complexity and provides solutions to the challenge of placing a dollar amount on intellectual property. This revised and updated cumulative supplement for 2015 provides insight that reflects the latest regulations and best practices, and the most up to date practical tools for evaluating the investment aspects of licensing and joint venture decisions. The discussion includes procedures for accounting, tax, and legalities, and examines the business economics of strategies involving intellectual property, and analytical models are provided to help you determine reasonable royalty rates for licensing and fair equity splits in joint venture arrangements. With detailed explanations and expert insight into the realities surrounding these assets, you ll have everything you need to exploit your product to the fullest extent.

Companies are increasingly looking to their intellectual property as a profit center. Patents, trademarks, formulas, copyrights, and brand names can easily become the cornerstone of a corporation, and its most important asset, all while remaining difficult to quantifiably value. This supplement simplifies the challenge by providing the tools, precedent, and expert advice you need to approach these assets with clarity and understanding.

Overcome valuation challenges and avoid common errors
Understand the associated legal, tax, and accounting practices
Study analytical models for fair licensing and equity splits
Review precedent for determining infringement damages
Intellectual property can cost hundreds of millions of dollars to create, and is often irreplaceable with no substitute or alternative available. These assets need protection, and companies need recourse in case of infringement. Intellectual Property, Valuation, Exploration, and Infringement Damages clarifies the legal, financial, and investment issues to give you a deeper understanding of how best to handle these valuable assets.

Intellectual Property: Valuation, Exploitation, and Infringement Damages 2015 Cumulative Supplement

PREFACE xvii

PART I VALUATION 1

CHAPTER 1A INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LANDSCAPE (NEW) 3

1A.1 80% of Corporate Value Is Intellectual Property and Intangible Assets 4

1A.2 Over Seven Million Patents 6

1A.3 Corporations Own the Most Patents 7

1A.4 All Industries Are Patenting Inventions 8

1A.5 Trademarks 10

1A.6 Trademarks Are Supported with Huge Ad Spending 11
1A.7 Copyrights 12

1A.8 Trade Secrets 12

1A.9 Business of Licensing 15

CHAPTER 1B U.S. CONGRESS FLIRTS WITH DISASTER (NEW) 25

1B.1 Patent Litigation Venue 27

1B.2 Patent Infringement Damages 27

1B.3 Injunctions for Only Competitors 29

1B.4 Harming Our Only Economic Advantage 31

CHAPTER 12A RISK-ADJUSTED CASH FLOWS (NEW) 32

12A.1 Required Rates of Return 33

12A.2 Capital Asset Pricing Model 36

12A.3 Build-Up Method 41

12A.4 Venture Capital Rates of Return 42

12A.5 Probability of Success 45

12A.6 Conclusion 49

CHAPTER 12B DEALING WITH RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY VALUATION AND EXPLOITATION (NEW) 51

12B.1 Risk versus Uncertainty 53

12B.2 Decision Analysis and Decision Trees 55

12B.3 Decision Tree Components and Conventions 56

12B.4 Monte Carlo Techniques 63

12B.5 Markov Chains 66

12B.6 Obtaining Information from Indirect Observation: Shadow Pricing 70

12B.7 Bayesian Analysis 72

12B.8 Option Pricing Models 75

12B.9 Limitations on Rationality in Decision Making: The Effects of Perception and Biases on Decision Making 78

12B.10 Conclusion 79

CHAPTER 14A RIGHTS OF PRIVACY, PUBLICITY, AND CELEBRITY PERSONA (NEW) 81

14A.1 Introduction 81

14A.2 Legal Underpinnings 84

14A.3 Trademark Rights 87

14A.4 Copyright 88

14A.5 Legal Uncertainties and Solutions 90

14A.6 A Photography Issue 91

14A.7 Conclusion 93

CHAPTER 14B INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND INTANGIBLE ASSET VOLATILITY (NEW) 95

PART II LICENSING 101

CHAPTER 27A ROYALTY RATES AND LICENSE FEES FOR TECHNOLOGY (NEW) 103

27A.1 Royalty Rates 104

27A.2 Per Unit Royalties 107

27A.3 Royalties Based on Profitability 108

27A.4 License Fees 109

27A.5 Medical Device Industry Royalty Rates 111

27A.6 Medical Device Industry License Fee Distribution 112

27A.7 Conclusion 114

CHAPTER 27B LICENSE FEES AND ROYALTY RATE FREQUENCY FOR TECHNOLOGY (NEW) 115

27B.1 Real Deal Royalty Rates 116

27B.2 Per Unit Royalties 118

27B.3 License Fees 119

27B.4 Conclusion 120

CHAPTER 27C ROYALTY RATES AND LICENSE FEES FOR PHARMACEUTICALS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW) 121

27C.1 The Parties--Licensing between Corporations Dominates 122

27C.2 Royalty Rates 122

27C.3 License Fees 124

27C.4 Key Technologies 125

27C.5 Developmental Stages of Technology 126

27C.6 Conclusion 128

CHAPTER 33A THE MAGNITUDE AND MEANING OF ROYALTY MISREPORTING (NEW) 129

33A.1 Introduction 129

33A.2 "Why?" versus "How?" 130

33A.3 Math Errors: 5% Error Rate 133

33A.4 Royalty Rate Errors: 4% Error Rate 134

33A.5 Transfer Prices: 4% Error Rate 136

33A.6 Unreported Benchmarks and Milestones: 5% Error Rate 137

33A.7 Unreported Sales: 16% Error Rate 138

33A.8 Disallowed Deductions: 9% Error Rate 138

33A.9 Unreported Sublicenses: 17% Error Rate 139

33A.10 Questionable License Interpretation: 40% Error Rate 139

33A.11 Conclusion 140

CHAPTER 33B INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AUDIT AND MANAGEMENT (NEW) 141

33B.1 Introduction 142

33B.2 Intellectual Property Is Important 142

33B.3 But Intellectual Property Is Frequently Mismanaged 143

33B.4 Why the Intellectual Property Dichotomy? 143

33B.5 The First Step: An Intellectual Property Audit 144

33B.6 From IP Audit to IP Management 146

33B.7 Insuffi cient Approaches 147

33B.8 A New Intellectual Property Management Paradigm 148

33B.9 Available Tools 148

33B.10 Benefi ts of Intellectual Property Management 149

33B.11 When to Do an Intellectual Property Audit 150

33B.12 How to Do an Intellectual Property Audit 152