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Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health

Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health

Autorzy
Wydawnictwo Blackwell Science
Data wydania 01/11/2019
Wydanie Pierwsze
Liczba stron 496
Forma publikacji książka w twardej oprawie
Poziom zaawansowania Dla profesjonalistów, specjalistów i badaczy naukowych
Język angielski
ISBN 9781119493990
Kategorie Inżynieria chemiczna
449.00 PLN (z VAT)
$101.00 / €96.27 / £83.57 /
Produkt dostępny
Dostawa 2 dni
Ilość
Do schowka

Opis książki

Provides a thorough overview of systematic methods for reducing risks encountered in diverse work places


Filled with more theory, numerous case examples, and references to new material than the original text, this latest edition of a highly acclaimed book on occupational safety and health includes substantial updates and expanded material on management systems, risk assessment methods, and OSH-relevant concepts, principles, and models.


Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health is organized into five parts: background; analysis methods; programmatic methods for managing risk; risk reduction for energy sources; and risk reduction for other than energy sources. It comprehensively covers both system safety methods and OSH management methods applicable to occupational health and safety. Suitable for worldwide applications, the author's approach avoids reliance on the thousands of rules, codes, and standards by focusing on understanding hazards and reducing risks using strategies and tactics.





Includes more content on methods for reducing risks, citations of recent research, and deeper coverage of OSH-relevant concepts, theories, and models

Merges methods and principles traditionally associated with occupational hygiene, ergonomics, and safety

Provides substantial updates on management systems and theories of occupational incidents, and includes new case studies in many chapters to help demonstrate the "real world" need for identifying and implementing risk-reduction strategies

Addresses occupational risks that go beyond current regulations and standards, taking an international approach by stressing risk-reduction strategies

Supports adoption of the book for university courses by providing chapter-specific learning exercises and support materials for professors



Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health is ideal for safety professionals, system safety engineers, safety engineers, industrial hygienists, ergonomists, and anyone with OSH responsibilities. It is also an excellent resource for students preparing for a career in OSH.

Risk-Reduction Methods for Occupational Safety and Health

Spis treści

Preface xii





Acknowledgments xiv





About the Companion Website xv





Part I: Background 1





1. Contributions to Occupational Safety and Health 3





1.1 Contributions by Law Makers 3





1.2 Contributions by System Safety Specialists 6





1.3 Contributions by the Public Health Community 9





1.4 Contributions of Governmental and Private Organizations 12





1.5 Contributions from the Sciences and Engineering 15





Learning Exercises 15





Technical Terms 16





References 16





2. Key Terms and Concepts 19





2.1 Hazard 19





2.2 Risk 24





2.3 Risk Reduction 26





2.4 Concepts of Causation 27





Learning Exercises 32





Technical Terms 33





References 34





3. Mental Skills for OSH Professionals 35





3.1 Types of Cognitive Skills 35





3.2 Using Models for Safety Analyses 38





3.3 Using Charts and Diagrams 42





3.4 Summary of Part I 47





Learning Exercises 48





Technical Terms 49





References 50





Part II: Analysis Methods 51





4. Analyzing Jobs and Tasks 53





4.1 Basics of Job Hazard Analysis 53





4.2 Implementing JHAs into the Work 57





4.3 Example JHA 58





4.4 Hazard Analyses Similar to JHAs 60





Learning Exercises 61





Technical Terms 62





References 63





5. Using Risk?Assessment Methods 65





5.1 Risk?Assessment Processes - The Future of OSH 65





5.2 An Eight?Step Process 66





5.3 Example Risk Assessment 74





Learning Exercises 79





Technical Terms 80





References 80





6. Constructing Fault Trees 83





6.1 Common Symbols and Arrangements 83





6.2 Example Fault Trees 86





6.3 Example Success Tree 90





6.4 Common Mistakes 91





6.5 Additional Fault Tree Tools 92





Learning Exercises 94





Technical Terms 96





References 97





7. Analyzing Fault Trees 99





7.1 Analyzing Fault Trees Quantitatively 99





7.2 Identifying Cut Sets 105





7.3 Finding Common?Cause Failures 109





Learning Exercises 112





Technical Terms 113





References 114





8. Other Useful Analysis Methods 115





8.1 FMEA Reveals Potential Equipment Problems 115





8.2 HAZOP Leads to Safety Through Design 119





8.3 Bow?Tie Diagrams Support Communication 120





8.4 Layers of Protection Analysis Examines Multiple Barriers 123





8.5 Summary of Part II 123





Learning Exercises 125





Technical Terms 126





References 127





Part III: Programmatic Methods for Managing Risk 129





9. Managing OSH Programs 131





9.1 Clarifying OSH Program Aspirations 131





9.2 Influencing Safety Culture 132





9.3 Using a Management Systems Approach 136





9.4 Having an Ethical Policy for OSH 141





Learning Exercises 144





Technical Terms 144





Appendix: Example Code of Professional Conduct 145





References 146





10. Broadly Applicable Programs and Practices 147





10.1 Programs and Practices to Help People Perform Safely 147





10.2 Sanitation and Housekeeping Practices 158





10.3 Use of Safety Devices 159





10.4 Hazard?Specific Programs 162





10.5 Financial Aspects of OSH Programs 162





Learning Exercises 166





Technical Terms 169





References 170





11. Incident Investigation Programs 173





11.1 Closed?Loop Process 174





11.2 Policy Considerations 175





11.3 Investigative Processes 178





11.4 Events and Causal Factors Chart 181





11.5 Practical Analysis Tools for Incident Investigators 187





11.6 Learn from Prior Incident Investigations 192





11.7 Method for Modeling Harmful Occupational Incidents 193





Learning Exercises 195





Technical Terms 196





References 198





12. Human Error Reduction 199





12.1 Concepts of Errors 199





12.2 Comprehensive Classification System 203





12.3 Methods for Finding Feasible Countermeasures 205





Learning Exercises 206





Technical Terms 208





References 208





13. Risk?Reduction Strategies 211





13.1 Strategies, Tactics, and Applications 211





13.2 The Nine Strategies 215





13.3 Priority for Applying Strategies 219





13.4 Summary of Part III 221





Learning Exercises 222





Technical Terms 227





References 228





Part IV: Risk Reduction for Energy Sources 229





14. Kinetic Energy Hazards 231





14.1 Fundamentals of Energy and Mechanics 231





14.2 Mechanisms of Harming 236





14.3 Gravitational Energy Hazards: People and Objects Falling 238





14.4 Transportation Hazards: Travelers and Roadway Work Zones 245





14.5 Mechanical Hazards: People Interfacing with Machines and Equipment 253





Learning Exercises 258





Technical Terms 259





References 259





15. Electrical Energy Hazards 261





15.1 Electrical Energy as a Source of Hazard 261





15.2 Mechanisms of Harming 265





15.3 Strategies and Tactics for Electrical Energy 274





Learning Exercises 277





Technical Terms 278





References 279





16. Acoustic Energy and Vibration Hazards 281





16.1 Background on Noise and Vibration 281





16.2 Mechanisms of Harming 284





16.3 Strategies and Tactics for Noise Exposure 288





16.4 Strategies and Tactics for Vibration Exposure 292





Learning Exercises 295





Technical Terms 295





References 297





17. Thermal Hazards: Heat and Cold 299





17.1 Background on Thermal Hazards 299





17.2 Mechanisms of Harming 306





17.3 Strategies and Tactics for Thermal Hazards 310





Learning Exercises 315





Technical Terms 316





References 317





18. Fire Hazards 319





18.1 Fundamentals of Fire 319





18.2 Mechanisms of Harming 326





18.3 Strategies and Tactics for Fires 329





Learning Exercises 334





Technical Terms 335





References 336





19. Explosion Hazards 337





19.1 Background on Explosions 337





19.2 Mechanisms of Harming 338





19.3 Strategies and Tactics for Explosions 339





Learning Exercises 344





Technical Terms 345





References 345





20. Pressure Hazards 347





20.1 Overview of Pressure Hazards 347





20.2 Mechanisms of Harming 349





20.3 Strategies and Tactics for Pressure?Related Hazards 353





Learning Exercises 360





Technical Terms 361





References 362





21. Hazards of Electromagnetic Energies 363





21.1 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Energy 363





21.2 Mechanisms of Harming 366





21.3 Strategies and Tactics for Electromagnetic Hazards 371





Learning Exercises 376





Technical Terms 376





References 377





22. Hazards of Severe Weather and Geologic Events 379





22.1 Background 379





22.2 Mechanisms of Harming 381





22.3 Strategies and Tactics for Weather and Geologic Events 386





22.4 Summary of Part IV 389





Learning Exercises 390





Technical Terms 390





References 391





Part V: Risk Reduction for Other Than Energy Sources 393





23. Workplace Conditions 395





23.1 Background 395





23.2 Walking Surfaces 396





23.3 Stairways and Steps 403





23.4 Ramps 407





23.5 Confined Spaces 408





23.6 Areas with Dusty Air 410





23.7 Areas with Mold 411





Learning Exercises 412





Technical Terms 413





References 414





24. Chemical Substances 415





24.1 Major Categories of Chemicals Encountered at Work 415





24.2 Mechanisms of Harming 417





24.3 Strategies and Tactics for Workplace Chemicals 421





Learning Exercises 424





Technical Terms 424





Appendix: Personal Protective Equipment for Chemicals 425





References 429





25. Biological Sources 431





25.1 Worker-Pathogen Exposures 431





25.2 Workers-Animal Encounters 436





25.3 Worker-Plant Exposures 441





Learning Exercises 442





Technical Terms 442





References 442





26. Musculoskeletal Stressors 445





26.1 Background on Musculoskeletal Stressors 445





26.2 Means by Which Musculoskeletal Stressors Can Harm 447





26.3 Useful Employee Surveys 452





26.4 Strategies and Tactics for Musculoskeletal Stressors 454





Learning Exercises 458





Technical Terms 458





References 459





27. Violent Actions of People 461





27.1 Workplace Violence 462





27.2 Terrorist Attacks 465





27.3 Summary of Part V 466





Learning Exercises 468





Technical Terms 468





References 468





Index 469

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