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Understanding cancer is essential to providing effective nursing care to patients and families affected. This easy-to-use reference guide puts all the necessary information at your fingertips.



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Nursing & Health Survival Guide: Cancer Care: Cancer Care

Contents



Introduction



Defining cancer



The nature of cancer



The biology of cancer



Cancer cells



Differentiation



Section summary



Tumours



Benign tumours



Malignant tumours



How malignant tumours grow and spread



Local growth and damage to nearby tissues



Age



Sex



Overall health status



Immune system function



Case study 1 Gerald Fergus



Spread to the lymphatic system and the lymph nodes



Spread to other parts of the body



Section summary



Aetiology of Cancer



Cancer causing substances (carcinogens)



Smoking



Alcohol



Occupational exposure



Diet



Sun



Hormones







Staging and grading of cancer



Staging



Staging and investigations



Radiology



Computerised Tomography Scan (CT Scan)



Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)



Ultrasound



Positron Emission Tomography (PET)



Pathology



Endoscopy and surgery



Grading and investigations



Section summary



Cancer treatment



Surgery



Chemotherapy



Classes of chemotherapeutic drugs



Side effects



Radiotherapy



Biological therapies



Bone marrow and stem cell transplants



Hormonesand hormone antagonists



Section summary



Cancer fast facts



Breast cancer



Bowel cancer (also known as colorectal cancer)



Lung cancer



Prostate cancer



Caring for people with cancer



Palliative care and end of life care



Section summary



Terminology



Resources