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The Symmetries of Things

The Symmetries of Things

Autorzy
Wydawnictwo Taylor & Francis Inc
Data wydania 18/04/2008
Liczba stron 444
Forma publikacji książka w twardej oprawie
Poziom zaawansowania Dla profesjonalistów, specjalistów i badaczy naukowych
Język angielski
ISBN 9781568812205
Kategorie Geometria
471.45 PLN (z VAT)
$106.05 / €101.08 / £87.75 /
Produkt na zamówienie
Dostawa 3-4 tygodnie
Ilość
Do schowka

Opis książki

Start with a single shape. Repeat it in some way-translation, reflection over a line, rotation around a point-and you have created symmetry. Symmetry is a fundamental phenomenon in art, science, and nature that has been captured, described, and analyzed using mathematical concepts for a long time. Inspired by the geometric intuition of Bill Thurston and empowered by his own analytical skills, John Conway, with his coauthors, has developed a comprehensive mathematical theory of symmetry that allows the description and classification of symmetries in numerous geometric environments.

This richly and compellingly illustrated book addresses the phenomenological, analytical, and mathematical aspects of symmetry on three levels that build on one another and will speak to interested lay people, artists, working mathematicians, and researchers. The book contains many new results. ... [and] is printed on glossy pages with a large number of beautiful full-colour illustrations, which can be enjoyed even by non-mathematicians.
-- EMS Newsletter, June 2009



One of the most base concepts of art [is] symmetry. The Symmetries of Things is a guide to this most basic concept showing that even the most basic of things can be beautiful-and addresses why the simplest of patterns mesmerizes humankind and the psychological and mathematical importance of symmetry in ones every day life. The Symmetries of Things is an intriguing book from first page to last, highly recommended to the many collections that should welcome it.
-- The Midwest Book Review, June 2008



Conway, Burgiel, and Goodman-Strauss have written a wonderful book which can be appreciated on many levels. ... [M]athematicians and math-enthusiasts at a wide variety of levels will be able to learn some new mathematics. Even better, the exposition is lively and engaging, and the authors find interesting ways of telling you the things you already know in addition to the things you don't.
-- Darren Glass, MAA Reviews, July 2008



This rich study of symmetrical things . . . prepares the mind for abstract group theory. It gets somewhere, it justifies the time invested with striking results, and it develops . . . phenomena that demand abstraction to yield their fuller meaning. . . . the fullest available exposition with many new results.
-- D. V. Feldman, CHOICE Magazine , January 2009



This book is a plaything, an inexhaustible exercise in brain expansion for the reader, a work of art and a bold statement of what the culture of math can be like, all rolled into one. Like any masterpiece, The Symmetries of Things functions on a number of levels simultaneously. . . . It is imperative to get this book into the hands of as many young mathematicians as possible. And then to get it into everyone else's hands.
-- Jaron Lanier, American Scientist, January 2009



You accompany the authors as they learn about the structures they so beautifully illustrate on over 400 hundred glossy and full-colour pages. Tacitly, you are given an education in the ways of thought and skills of way-finding in mathematics. . . . The style of writing is relaxed and playful . . . we see the fusing of the best aspects of textbooks-conciseness, flow, reader-independence-with the best bit of popular writing-accessibility, fun, beauty.
-- Phil Wilson, Plus Magazine, February 2009



This book gives a refreshing and comprehensive account of the subject of symmetry-a subject that has fascinated humankind for centuries. . . . Overall, the book is a treasure trove, full of delights both old and new. Much of it should be accessible for anyone with an undergraduate-level background in mathematics, and is likely to stimulate further interest.
-- Marston Conder, Mathematical Reviews, March 2009



Inspired by the geometric intuition of Bill Thurston and empowered by his own analytical skills, John Conway, together with his coauthors, has developed a comprehensive mathematical theory of symmetry that allows the description and classification of symmetries in numerous geometric environments. This richly and compellingly illustrated book addresses the phenomenological, analytical, and mathematical aspects of symmetry on three levels that build on one another and will speak to interested lay people, artists, working mathematicians, and researchers.
-- L'Enseignement Mathematique, December 2009

The Symmetries of Things

Spis treści

I Symmetries of Finite Objects and Plane Repeating Patterns





1. Symmetries





Kaleidoscopes





Gyrations





Rosette Patterns





Frieze Patterns





Repeating Patterns on the Plane and Sphere





Where Are We?





2. Planar Patterns





Mirror Lines





Describing Kaleidoscopes





Gyrations





More Mirrors and Miracles





Wanderings and Wonder-Rings





The Four Fundamental Features!





Where Are We?





3. The Magic Theorem





Everything Has Its Cost!





Finding the Signature of a Pattern





Just Symmetry Types





How the Signature Determines the Symmetry Type





Interlude: About Kaleidoscopes





Where Are We?





Exercises





4. The Spherical Patterns





The 14 Varieties of Spherical Pattern





The Existence Problem: Proving the Proviso





Group Theory and All the Spherical Symmetry Types





All the Spherical Types





Where Are We?





Examples





5. Frieze Patterns





Where Are We?





Exercises





6. Why the Magic Theorems Work





Folding Up Our Surface





Maps on the Sphere: Euler's Theorem





Why char = ch





The Magic Theorem for Frieze Patterns





The Magic Theorem for Plane Patterns





Where Are We?





7. Euler's Map Theorem





Proof of Euler's Theorem





The Euler Characteristic of a Surface





The Euler Characteristics of Familiar Surfaces





Where Are We?





8. Classification of Surfaces





Caps, Crosscaps, Handles, and Cross-Handles





We Don't Need Cross-Handles





Two crosscaps make one handle





That's All, Folks!





Where Are We?





Examples





9. Orbifolds





II Color Symmetry, Group Theory, and Tilings





10. Presenting Presentations





Generators Corresponding to Features





The Geometry of the Generators





Where Are We?





11. Twofold Colorations





Describing Twofold Symmetries





Classifying Twofold Plane Colorings





Complete List of Twofold Color Types





Duality Groups





Where Are We?





13. Threefold Colorings of Plane Patterns





A Look at Threefold Colorings





Complete List for Plane Patterns





Where Are We?





Other Primefold Colorings





Plane Patterns





The Remaining Primefold Types for Plane Patterns





The "Gaussian" Cases





The "Eisensteinian" Cases





Spherical Patterns and Frieze Patterns





Where Are We?





14. Searching for Relations





On Left and Right





Justifying the Presentations





The Sufficiency of the Relations





The General Case





Simplifications





Alias and Alibi





Where Are We?





Exercises





Answers to Exercises





15. Types of Tilings





Heesch Types





Isohedral Types





Where Are We?





16. Abstract Groups





Cyclic Groups, Direct Products, and Abelian Groups





Split and Non-split Extensions





Dihedral, Quaternionic, and QuasiDihedral Groups





Extraspecial and Special Groups





Groups of the Simplest Orders





The Group Number Function gnu(n)





The gnu-Hunting Conjecture: Hunting moas





Appendix: The Number of Groups to Order 2009





III Repeating Patterns in Other Spaces





17. Introducing Hyperbolic Groups





No Projection Is Perfect!





Analyzing Hyperbolic Patterns





What Do Negative Characteristics Mean?





Types of Coloring, Tiling, and Group Presentations





Where Are We?





18. More on Hyperbolic Groups





Which Signatures Are Really the Same?





Inequivalence and Equivalence Theorems





Existence and Construction





Enumerating Hyperbolic Groups





Thurston's Geometrization Program





Appendix: Proof of the Inequivalence Theorem





Interlude: Two Drums That Sound the Same





19. Archimedean Tilings





The Permutation Symbol





Existence





Relative versus Absolute





Enumerating the Tessellations





Archimedes Was Right!





The Hyperbolic Archimedean Tessellations





Examples and Exercises





20. Generalized Schlafli Symbols





Flags and Flagstones





More Precise Definitions





More General Definitions





Interlude: Polygons and Polytopes





21. Naming Archimedean and Catalan Polyhedra and Tilings





Truncation and "Kis"ing





Marriage and Children





Coxeter's Semi-Snub Operation





Euclidean Plane Tessellations





Additional Data





Architectonic and Catoptric Tessellations





22. The 35 "Prime" Space Groups





The Three Lattices





Displaying the Groups





Translation Lattices and Point Groups





Catalogue of Plenary Groups





The Quarter Groups





Catalogue of Quarter Groups





Why This List Is Complete





Appendix: Generators and Relations





23. Objects with Prime Symmetry





The Three Lattices





Voronoi Tilings of the Lattices





Salt, Diamond, and Bubbles





Infinite Platonic Polyhedra





Their Archimedean Relatives





Pseudo-Platonic Polyhedra





The Three Atomic Nets and Their Septa





Naming Points





Polystix





Checkerstix and the Quarter Groups





Hexastix from Checkerstix





Tristakes, Hexastakes, and Tetrastakes





Understanding the Irish Bubbles





The Triamond Net and Hemistix





Further Remarks about Space Groups





24. Flat Universes





Compact Platycosms





Torocosms





The Klein Bottle as a Universe





The Other Platycosms





Infinite Platycosms





Where Are We?





25. The 184 Composite Space Groups





The Alias Problem





Examples and Exercises





26. Higher Still





Four-Dimensional Point Groups





Regular Polytopes





Four-Dimensional Archimedean Polytopes





Regular Star-Polytopes





Groups Generated by Reflections





Hemicubes





The Gosset Series





The Symmetries of Still Higher Things





Where Are We?





Other Notations for the Plane and Spherical Groups





Bibliography





Index

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