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The Nutrition and Health Series of books have had great success because each volume has the consistent overriding mission of providing health professionals with texts that are essential because each includes (1) a synthesis of the state of the science; (2) timely, in-depth reviews by the leading researchers in their respective fields; (3) extensive, - to-date fully annotated reference lists; (4) a detailed index; (5) relevant tables and figures; (6) identification of paradigm shifts and the consequences; (7) virtually no overlap of information between chapters, but targeted, interchapter referrals; (8) suggestions of areas for future research; and (9) balanced, data-driven answers to patient/health prof- sionals' questions that are based on the totality of evidence rather than the findings of any single study. The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter as well as in the choice of chapter authors. The international perspective, especially with regard to public health initiatives, is emphasized where appropriate. The editors, whose trainings are both research- and practice-oriented, have the opportunity to develop a primary objective for their book; define the scope and focus, and then invite the leading authorities from around the world to be part of their initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the field, discuss their own research, and relate the research findings to potential human health consequences.

Calcium in Human Health

Introduction
Connie M. Weaver and Robert P. Heaney

I. Calcium Functions

Bone as the Calcium Nutrient Reserve
Robert P. Heaney

Cellular Functions and Fluxes of Calcium
Emmanuel M. Awumey and Richard D. Bukoski

II. Techniques for Studying Calcium Metabolism and Its Relationship to Disease

Nutritional Epidemiology: Dietary Assessment Methods
Carol J. Boushey

Clinical Approaches for Studying Calcium Metabolism and Its Relationship to Disease
Connie M. Weaver

Kinetic Studies
Meryl E. Wastney, Yongdong Zhao, and Connie M. Weaver

III. Calcium Consumption, Requirements, and Bioavailability

Requirements for What Endpoint?
Robert P. Heaney and Connie M. Weaver

Dietary Calcium: Recommendations and Intakes Around the World
Anne C. Looker

Food Sources, Supplements, and Bioavailability
Connie M. Weaver and Robert P. Heaney

IV. Calcium Homeostasis

The Calcium Economy
Robert P. Heaney

Molecular Regulation of Calcium Metabolism
James C. Fleet

Influence of Total Diet on Calcium Homeostasis
Zamzam K. (Fariba) Roughead

Influence of Lifestyle Choices on Calcium Homeostasis: Smoking, Alcohol, and Hormone Therapies
D. Lee Alekel, and Oksana Matvienko

Influence of Physical Activity on Calcium and Bone
Matthew Vukovich and Bonny Specker

The Case for a Calcium Appetite in Humans
Michael G. Tordoff

V. Calcium Through Development

Infancy and Childhood
Steven A. Abrams and Keli M. Hawthorne

Pre-Puberty and Adolescence
Connie M. Weaver

Calcium in Pregnancy and Lactation
Heidi J. Kalkwarf

VI. Calcium and Disease

Calcium in Systemic Human Health
Robert P. Heaney

Calcium and Oral Health
Elizabeth A. Krall

Dietary Calcium and Obesity
Dorothy Teegarden

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Reproduction
Susan Thys-Jacobs

Premenstrual Syndrome
Susan Thys-Jacobs

Calcium Throughout the Life Cycle: The Later Years
Bess Dawson-Hughes

Calcium, Vitamin D, and Cancer
Peter R. Holt

Dietary Calcium and the Metabolic Syndrome
Dorothy Teegarden

Calcium and Phosphate Control in Patients With Renal Disease
David A. McCarron and Robert P. Heaney

Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
David A. McCarron

Appendices

Index