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Interest in the field of microbial toxins is ever growing and spreading across a broad spectrum of scientific disciplines. In an effort to supplement the available reference texts on toxins, Microbial Toxins: Methods and Protocols includes protocols on mold fungus toxins, with some focus on aflatoxins. Intended to support a wide variety of researchers, Microbial Toxins: Methods and Protocols presents the reader with biological, chemical, physical, and medical approaches, as well as state-of-the-art research techniques. Divided into three convenient sections, this detailed volume covers bacterial protein toxins, endotoxins, and mold fungus toxins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology(TM) series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Authoritative and accessible, Microbial Toxins: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve both professionals and novices with its well-honed methodologies in an effort to further our knowledge of this essential field.

Microbial Toxins: Methods and Protocols

Part I Bacterial Protein Toxins

1. Detection of Bacterial Protein Toxins by Solid Phase Magnetic Immunocapture and Mass Spectrometry

Gabriella Pocsfalvi and Gitta Schlosser

2. Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Cholera Toxin-Producing Vibrio cholerae using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Wataru Yamazaki

3. Ultra Sensitive Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins and Anthrax Lethal Factor in Biological Samples by ALISSA

Karine Bagramyan and Markus Kalkum

4. Examination of Bacillus anthracis Spores by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry

William C. Schumacher, Craig A. Storozuk, Prabir K. Dutta, and Andrew J. Phipps

5. A Cell-Based Fluorescent Assay to Detect the Activity of Shiga Toxin and Other Toxins That Inhibit Protein Synthesis

Shane Massey, Beatriz Quinones, and Ken Teter

6. Use of a Vero Cell-Based Fluorescent Assay to Assess Relative Toxicities of Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes from Escherichia coli

Beatriz Quinones and Michelle S. Swimley

7. Molecular Methods - Chip Assay and Quantitative Real-Time PCR - in Detecting Hepatotoxic Cyanobacteria

Anne Rantala-Ylinen, Hanna Sipari, and Kaarina Sivonen

Part II Endotoxins

8. Capillary Electrophoresis Chips for Fingerprinting Endotoxin Chemotypes from Whole-Cell Lysates

Béla Kocsis, Anikó Kilár, Lilla Makszin, Krisztina Kovács, and Ferenc Kilár

9. Isolation of Smooth-Type Lipopolysaccharides to Electrophoretic Homogeneity

Elder Pupo

10. A Method for Unobtrusive Labeling of Lipopolysaccharides with Quantum Dots

Carlos Morales-Betanzos, Maria Gonzalez-Moa, and Sergei A. Svarovsky

11. Fluorescence-Based Methods to Assay Inhibitors of Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis

Marcy Hernick

12. Micromethods for Lipid A Isolation and Structural Characterization

Martine Caroff and Alexey Novikov

13. Two Efficient Methods for the Conjugation of Smooth-Form Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with Probes Bearing Hydrazine or Amino Groups. I. LPS Activation with Cyanogen Bromide

Fernando Battaglini and Diego Pallarola

14. Two Efficient Methods for the Conjugation of Smooth-Form Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with Probes Bearing Hydrazine or Amino Groups. II. LPS Activation with a Cyanopyridinium Agent

Fernando Battaglini and Diego Pallarola

Part III Mold Fungus Toxins

15. Extraction and Analysis of Fumonisins and Compounds Indicative of Fumonisin Exposure in Plant and Mammalian Tissues and Cultured Cells

Nicholas C. Zitomer and Ronald T. Riley

16. Determination of Fumonisins B₁ and B₂ in Maize Food Products by a New Analytical Method Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Fluorometric Detection with Post-Column Derivatization

Marilena Muscarella, Sonia Lo Magro, Donatella Nardiello, Carmen Palermo, and Diego Centonze

17. A Confirmatory Method for Aflatoxin M₁ Determination in Milk Based on Immunoaffinity Clean-Up and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorometric Detection

Marilena Muscarella, Sonia Lo Magro, Carmen Palermo, and Diego Centonze

18. Simultanious Determination of Aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ in Foods and Feed Materials by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with On-Line Photochemical Derivatization and Fluorescence Detection

Marilena Muscarella, Marco Iammarino, Donatella Nardiello, Sonia Lo Magro, Carmen Palermo, and Diego Centonze

19. Highly Sensitive PCR-Based Detection Specific to Aspergillus flavus

Amaia González-Salgado, Teresa González-Jaén, Covadonga Vázquez, and Belén Patino

20. A Rapid Enzymatic Method for Aflatoxin B Detection

Danila Moscone, Fabiana Arduini, and Aziz Amine