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Neurovascular medicine has emerged as an established, semi-independent subspecialty of neurology and neurosurgery. Decision Making in Neurovascular Disease focuses on the challenging process of determining the best approach for managing patients with intracranial atherosclerosis, carotid artery disease, stroke, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous fistulae, cavernous malformations, and hypervascular tumors. Leonardo Rangel-Castilla, Robert Spetzler, esteemed coauthors, and an impressive cadre of experts discuss highly divergent modalities including medical management, open cerebrovascular, endovascular, radiosurgery, and combined/multimodality alternatives.

The book is organized into seven sections: Ischemic Stroke and Vascular Insufficiency, Aneurysms Anterior Circulation, Aneurysms Posterior Circulation, Aneurysms Other, Arteriovenous Malformations and Fistula, Cavernous Malformations, and Hypervascular Tumors. Chapters include an introduction, decision-making algorithm, whether to treat, conservative management, anatomical considerations, clinical and imaging evaluation, differential diagnosis, treatment options, images, clinical and radiographic follow-up, and suggested reading.

Key highlights:
- Simple algorithms accompanying 71 chapters supported by the latest, most updated information in the literature
- More than 300 radiologic images help elucidate disease-specific treatment decision making
- Step-by-step guidance, clinical pearls, surgical nuances, complication avoidance, and evidence-based outcomes provide in-depth understanding
- Point/counterpoint expert commentary on each case provides balanced insights on potential implications of specific treatments

This essential step-by-step book is a must-have for residents and fellows in neurosurgery, neurology, endovascular, interventional radiology, vascular neurology, and neurocritical c

Decision Making in Neurovascular Disease

Contents
- Foreword by L. Nelson Hopkins
- Foreword by Juha Hernesniemi
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- I Ischemic Stroke and Vascular Insufficiency
- 1 Acute Ischemic Stroke: Small Vessel Disease
- 2 Acute Ischemic Stroke: Large Vessel Occlusion
- 3 Acute Ischemic Stroke: Acute Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion and Tandem Lesions
- 4 Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
- 5 Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
- 6 Asymptomatic Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis
- 7 Symptomatic Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis
- 8 Vertebrobasilar Stenosis and Insufficiency
- 9 Vertebral Artery Ostium Stenosis
- 10 Pediatric Moyamoya Disease
- 11 Adult Moyamoya Disease
- 12 Traumatic and Iatrogenic Carotid Artery Injury
- 13 Traumatic and Iatrogenic Vertebral Artery Injury
- 14 Spontaneous Internal Carotid Artery Dissection
- 15 Spontaneous Vertebral Arterial Dissection
- 16 Chronic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
- 17 Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Occlusion

- II Aneurysms Anterior Circulation
- 18 Cervical Carotid Artery Aneurysms
- 19 Cavernous Carotid Artery Aneurysms
- 20 Cave Carotid Artery Aneurysms
- 21 Superior Hypophyseal Artery Aneurysms
- 22 Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysms
- 23 Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
- 24 Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysms
- 25 Internal Carotid Artery Bifurcation Aneurysms
- 26 Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
- 27 Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
- 28 Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
- 29 Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
- 30 Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms
- 31 Giant Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation
- 32 Fusiform Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation
- 33 Dissecting Intracranial Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation
- 34 Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation
- 35 Previously Coiled Recurrent Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation
- 36 Previously Clipped Recurrent Aneurysms of the Anterior Circulation

- III Aneurysms Posterior Circulation
- 37 Vertebral Artery Aneurysms
- 38 Midbasilar Artery Aneurysms
- 39 Basilar Artery Apex Aneurysms
- 40 Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
- 41 Superior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms
- 42 Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms
- 43 Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms
- 44 Giant Aneurysms of the Posterior Circulation
- 45 Fusiform Aneurysms of the Posterior Circulation
- 46 Dissecting Intracranial Aneurysms of the Posterior Circulation
- 47 Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysms of the Posterior Circulation
- 48 Previously Coiled/Clipped Recurrent Aneurysms of the Posterior Circulation

- IV Aneurysms Other
- 49 Mycotic Intracranial Aneurysms
- 50 Blood Blister Like Aneurysms
- 51 Pediatric Intracranial Aneurysms
- 52 Spinal Aneurysms

- V Arteriovenous Malformations and Fistulas
- 53 Spetzler Martin Grade I and II Arteriovenous Malformations
- 54 Spetzler Martin Grade III Arteriovenous Malformations
- 55 Spetzler Martin Grade IV and V Arteriovenous Malformations
- 56 Brainstem Arteriovenous Malformations
- 57 Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformations
- 58 Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations
- 59 Pial Arteriovenous Fistulas
- 60 Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
- 61 Carotid Cavernous Fistulas
- 62 Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulas
- 63 Vein of Galen Malformations

- VI Cavernous Malformations
- 64 Supratentorial Cavernous Malformations
- 65 Thalamic and Basal Ganglia Cavernous Malformations
- 66 Brainstem Cavernous Malformations
- 67 Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformations

- VII Hypervascular Tumors
- 68 Intracranial Vascular Tumors
- 69 Sk