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One of the challenges of our modern society is to successfully reconcile growing energy demand, demographic and food pressure and ecological and environmental urgency.This book offers an update on a rapidly evolving subject, that of modern photovoltaic systems capable of combining the needs of energy and ecological transition. Although photovoltaic solar energy is a well-proven technical solution in terms of energy, its development can compete with agricultural land or natural sites.New solutions are emerging: the installation of photovoltaic parks on industrial wasteland; agrivoltaics, which reconcile agricultural activity and energy production on the same surface; and ecovoltaics, which make it possible to make use of the unused surfaces under solar panels by developing ecological solutions capable of providing services to nature. These innovations are part of the response to the need to preserve terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, halt the decline in animal and plant biodiversity and participate in the development of a new mode of sustainable development and green economy.

Photovoltaism, Agriculture and Ecology: From Agrivoltaism to Ecovoltaism

Foreword by Yvon Le Maho ixForeword by Thomas Lesueur xiiiIntroduction xvChapter 1. Photovoltaics: Concepts and Challenges 11.1. Brief description of the different photovoltaic cell technologies 11.1.1. Photovoltaic versus thermal solar panels 91.2. Different types of photovoltaic installations 91.3. Legislation 101.4. Advantages of photovoltaics 111.5. Disadvantages of photovoltaics 121.6. Some figures on the environmental footprint compared to other energy sources 131.7. Origin of the silicon needed for the construction of photovoltaic cells 161.8. End of life of solar panels 171.9. Degree of maturity of material recycling 171.10. Location and mode of development of photovoltaics 181.10.1. Photovoltaic panels on roofs 181.10.2. Ground-mounted photovoltaic panels: creating solar fields on unused industrial wastelands and parking lots 261.10.3. Creating solar fields in arid areas 321.10.4. Creating photovoltaic parks on water 35Chapter 2. Photovoltaic Energy Production and Agricultural Activity: Agrivoltaics 372.1. Definition-legislation-adaptation and evolution of techniques 382.2. Food crops 452.2.1. Fish farming 462.2.2. Oyster farming 472.2.3. Viticulture 492.2.4. Arboriculture and fruit production 502.2.5. Field crops 532.2.6. Market gardening: shades, greenhouses, protective structures for environmental conditions 542.2.7. Other crops 552.2.8. Pasture and livestock 57Chapter 3. Innovative Principle of Ecovoltaics 633.1. Definition and concept 633.2. State of the art: feedback 643.2.1. Constraints of the experimental site in Occitanie 643.2.2. Planting of species of interest in biodynamic agriculture on the grounds of solar parks 693.2.3. Planting of melliferous species 813.2.4. Installation of regionally endangered species 883.2.5. Installation of medicinal species 893.3. Assessment - issues 913.3.1. Positive impact on soil quality 913.3.2. Positive impact on faunal biodiversity 933.4. Perspectives 973.4.1. Regulations for the marketing of plants or plant extracts for use in biodynamic agriculture 97Appendices 103Appendix 1 105Appendix 2 113Appendix 3 115References 121Index 135