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The United Nations has declared 2018-2028 as the International Decade for Action on Water for Sustainable Development. This is a timely designation. In an increasingly thirsty world, the subject of forest-water interactions is of critical importance to the achievement of sustainability goals. The central underlying tenet of this book is that the hydrologic community can conduct better science and make a more meaningful impact to the world's water crisis if scientists are: (1) better equipped to utilize new methods and harness big data from either or both high-frequency sensors and long-term research watersheds; and (2) aware of new developments in our process-based understanding of the hydrological cycle in both natural and urban settings. Accordingly, this forward-looking book delves into forest-water interactions from multiple methodological, statistical, and process-based perspectives (with some chapters featuring data sets and open-source R code), concluding with a chapter on future forest hydrology under global change. Thus, this book describes the opportunities of convergence in high-frequency sensing, big data, and open source software to catalyze more comprehensive understanding of forest-water interactions. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in an array of disciplines, including hydrology, forestry, ecology, botany, and environmental engineering.

Forest-Water Interactions

Foreword

Preface 

A. Novel Methods:  Environmental sensing opportunities for forest-water interactions [Darryl]

     1. Instrumentation (high frequency in stream with S::CAN/imaging/accelerometers/tomography/fiber  optics/gravimetrics); sensing from tree-to-continent (interception, stream chem/ ET) (Selker/Van de Giesen/Bowden)

     3. Open source instrumentation and ecohydrology (David Hill and Brandon Turner)

     4. Isotopic fingerprinting: applications in ecohydrology (Tetzlaff, Soulsby)

     6. GIS and Google platforms: applications to forest-water interactions (Creed)

B. Analyzing and synthesizing ecohydrological patterns and functional relationships with statistics  (with R code as electronic supplementary information) [Alex Tischer]

     1. Data exploration and transformation

     2. Analysis of patterns: spatiotemporal statistics (kriging/semivariograms/autocorrelation/time series?/etc)

     3. Analysis of functional relations: application and comparison of likelihood-based and Bayesian statistics

     4. Machine learning techniques and big data, including self-organizing maps/other [Holger Lange]

C. Synthesizing some recent advances in process-based forest-water interactions  [Michalzik , Nanko]

     1. Leaf water repellency (Holder, Roasado, Goldsmith from Scherrer Inst, Switz, W. Konrad, Tuebingen)

     2. Throughfall drop size distribution (Nanko, Levia, Leuchner)

     3. DOM & Microbial drivers of biogeochemical cycling in TF/SF, forest cycles (metabolism & transport) (Michalzik, Müller, Naethe, Levia, others in Jena, Gallery)

     5. Forest-Groundwater Interactions (Germer)

     6. Cycling of radionuclides in wooded ecosystems (Onda)

D. Forest-water interactions in urban ecosystems [Levia]

     1. Green infrastructure: Canopy interception loss, throughfall, stemflow (Carlyle-Moses et al.)

     2. Deposition chemistry of edge trees (Wuyts, Staelens, Verheyen, Belgian Group)

     3. iTree and other urban tree models and their use for hydrology and biogeochemistry for cities (Nowak, Endreny, Wang, Yang)

     4. Applications of science to planners, water resource managers (Livesley)

E. Forest-water interactions over the long- term: analysis and synthesis from several experimental watersheds [Iida]

     1. Hydrological and biogeochemical insights from HBEF (Likens, McGuire, Driscoll)    

     2. Long term research from Aichi Forest at UTokyo OR 5 FFPRI sites & comparison of temperate forests in Japan and Sweden (Tamai, Tanaka, Boyer, Bishop) 

     3. Water fluxes and changing soils over time (e.g., cation loss) (Wolfgang Wilcke)

    4. Long term measurements of sediment transport and runoff in Vallcebre, Spain (Llorens, Latron, Gallart, Pfister)