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The world's ever-growing demand for power has created an urgent need for new efficient and sustainable sources of energy and electricity. Today's consumers of portable electronics also demand devices that not only deliver more power but are also environmentally friendly. Fuel cells are an important alternative energy source, with promise in military, commercial and industrial applications, for example power vehicles and portable devices.A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy. Fuel cells represent the most efficient energy conversion technologies to-date and are an integral part in the new and renewable energy chain (e.g., solar, wind and hydropower). Fuel cells can be classified as either high-temperature or lowtemperature, depending on their operating temperature, and have different materials requirements. This book is dedicated to the study of high temperature fuel cells. In hightemperature fuel cells, the electrolyte materials are ceramic or molten carbonate, while the electrode materials are ceramic or metal (but not precious metal). High operation temperature fuel cells allow internal reforming, promote rapid kinetics with non-precious materials and offer high flexibilities in fuel choice, and are potential and viable candidate to moderate the fast increase in power requirements and to minimize the impact of theincreased power consumption on the environment.'Materials for High Temperature Fuel Cells' is part of the series on Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development edited by Prof. Max Q. Lu. The series covers advances in materials science and innovation for renewable energy, clean use of fossil energy, and greenhouse gas mitigation and associated environmental technologies.

Materials for High-Temperature Fuel Cells

PREFACEADVANCED ANODES FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Ni-YSZ Anode OverviewInsights from Real Ni-YSZ Microstructures Mechanistic Understanding of Fuel Oxidation in Ni-Based Anodes Poisoning of Ni-Based Anodes Alternative Anode Materials for Direct Hydrocarbon Utilization Infiltration as an Alternative Fabrication Method Summary and Outlook ADVANCED CATHODES FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Cathodes on Oxygen-Ion-Conducting Electrolytes Cathodes on Proton-Conducting Electrolytes Advanced Techniques in Cathode Fabrication Summary OXIDE ION-CONDUCTING MATERIALS FOR ELECTROLYTES IntroductionOxide Ion Conductivity in Metal OxideElectrolyte Efficiency Strain Effects on Oxide Ion Conductivity Degradation in Conductivity Concluding Remarks PROTON-CONDUCTING MATERIALS AS ELECTROLYTES FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction The Principle of Proton-Conducting Oxides Proton-Conducting Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Based on Proton-Conducting Electrolytes Electrode Materials and Anode Reactions for SOFCs Based on Proton-Conducting Electrolytes Conclusion METALLIC INTERCONNECT MATERIALS OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Oxidation Behaviors of Candidate Alloys Electrical Properties of Oxide Scale Surface Modifications and CoatingsNew Alloy Development Summary SEALANTS FOR PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Glass and Glass - Ceramic Sealants Mica Metal Braze Composite Sealants Conclusion DEGRADATION AND DURABILITY OF ELECTRODES OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Anodes Cathodes Degradation of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Summary and Conclusions MATERIALS AND PROCESSING FOR METAL-SUPPORTED SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS Introduction Cell Architectures Substrate Materials and Challenges Cell Fabrication and Challenges Summary MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS Introduction Operating Principle State-of-the-Art Components General Needs Status of MCFC Systems Implementation INDEX