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Written by experts who have been part of this field since its beginnings in both research and academia, this textbook introduces readers to this evolving topic and the broad range of applications that are being explored. The book begins by examining what it is that defines ionic liquids and what sets them apart from other materials. Chapters describe the various types of ionic liquids and the different techniques used to synthesize them, as well as their properties and some of the methods used in their measurement. Further chapters delve into synthetic and electrochemical applications and their broad use as "Green" solvents. Final chapters examine important applications in a wide variety of contexts, including such devices as solar cells and batteries, electrochemistry, and biotechnology. The result is a must-have resource for any researcher beginning to work in this growing field, including senior undergraduates and postgraduates.

Fundamentals of Ionic Liquids: From Chemistry to Applications

INTRODUCTION TO IONIC LIQUIDSInnovation Through New MaterialsWhat Makes an Ionic Liquid, an "Ionic" Liquid?What Can These Unique Materials Do - A Brief OverviewHow Do We Go about Understanding Ionic Liquids?STRUCTURE OF IONIC LIQUID FORMING IONSCrystal Formation and How to Avoid It (Thermodynamics of Solids, Liquids and Melting)Avoiding Efficient Packing of Ions - Bulky, Rigid and Low Symmetry IonsElectrostatic Forces and How to Minimize Them (Shielding and Charge Delocalization)Other Types of Ions (Metal-Based Ions, Polymeric Ions etc.)Protic Ionic LiquidsFurther ReadingSTRUCTURE OF IONIC LIQUIDSIntroduction - Evidence for Structuring in Ionic Liquids at Various Length Scales; IonicityExperimental Probes of StructureSimulation Approaches to Understanding StructureFurther ReadingSYNTHESIS OF IONIC LIQUIDSIntroductionApproaches to Synthesis (Quaternisation/Alkylation, Metathesis, Anion Exchange, Proton Exchange, etc.)Purification: Challenges and Methods (Halide Impurities, Proton Impurities, etc.; Re-Crystallization, Micro-Filtration, Anion-Exchange Resin, etc.)Structure and Purity Analysis (NMR, MS, etc.)Further ReadingPHYSICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIESIntroduction - What Properties are Important?Thermal Properties (Melting, Liquid crystal Formation, Decomposition)Transport Properties and their Inter-Relationships (Viscosity, Conductivity, Diffusion, Walden Plot, etc.)Properties of Ionic Liquid MixturesFurther ReadingSOLVENT PROPERTIES AND SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDSIntroduction - Solvency, Intermolecular Forces and PolarisabilitySynthetic Chemistry in Ionic Liquids - Selected ExamplesLiquid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium (Solvent Extraction/Separation, Water/Ionic Liquid Mixing and De-Mixing)Biomass Dissolution and Processing (Cellulose, Keratin, etc.)Gas Solubility and Applications (CO2, SO2, O2, etc.)Further ReadingELECTROCHEMISTRY OF, AND IN, IONIC LIQUIDSIntroductionCyclic Voltammetry (Reference Electrodes, Electrochemical Window, etc.)Electro-Deposition of MetalsElectrosynthesis in Ionic LiquidsFurther ReadingDEVICE APPLICATIONSIntroductionBatteries (Li-Ion, Metal-Air, etc.)Fuel CellsDye Sensitized Solar CellsSupercapacitorsActuatorsFurther ReadingBIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONSBiocompatible Ionic LiquidsIonic Liquids from Active Pharmaceutical IngredientsBiomolecule Stabilisation (Proteins, DNA, RNA)Further ReadingCONCLUSIONS/FUTURE DIRECTIONSAPPENDIXGlossary of Ions, Their Structure and Nomenclature (including acronyms)AnionsCations