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It is with great pleasure that we here present Artificial Heart 4 (proceedings of the 4th international symposium on artificial heart and assist devices). The symposium was held in Tokyo, Japan, on August 7 and 8, 1992 under the patronage of Mr. Hiromitsu Yoshioka, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Tokyo Women's Medical College. Artificial heart 4 consists of the papers presented in nine sessions: Oral Presentations A to E, Forums 1 to 10, and nine lectures by invited guest speakers from the United States and Europe. In this volume, papers from two new sessions, sessions IV and VII, entitled New Approaches, were prepared for devices and systems developed according to new ideas. Twenty-one papers in these two sessions were presented in five Forums (3, 4, 7, 8, and 9). Session VI was provided to deal with heart transplantation, which is now closely related to both ventricular assist systems (VAS) and the total artificial heart (TAH). In this session, papers by two guest speakers from major heart transplantation centers in Europe were included.

Heart Replacement: Artificial Heart 4

I A Pioneer's Special View of Artificial Heart Total Artificial Hearts.- LVADs or Nothing? And Muscle and Air-Powered LVADs.- II Biomaterials.- Biocompatible Material Development.- Amino-Containing Polymers as Non-Adsorbable Surface for Platelets.- Changes in Platelet Metabolism in Contact with Hydrophilic Copolymer Surfaces.- A New Antithrombogenic Coating Material-Fluorine-Acryl-Styrene-Urethane-Silicone Graft-Block Copolymer-for a Circulatory Assist Device.- The Jellyfish Valve: A Polymer Membrane Valve for the Artificial Heart.- Photo-Induced Surface Microprocessing for Fabricated Devices.- Improved Patency of HEMA/Styrene Block Copolymer-Coated Small Vessel Prosthesis Without Neointima Formation.- Natural Antithrombogenic Surface Created In Vivo for an Artificial Heart.- III Completely Implantable Devices of Ventricular Assist System.- A Totally Implantable Heart Assist System: The Novacor Program.- The Baylor Totally Implantable, Biolized, Compact Electromechanical Ventricular Assist System (VAS).- Endurance of a Motor-Driven Assist Pomp.- Corrugated Diaphragms for Adult and Baby-Size Artificial Ventricules.- Portable Electric Systems for Long-Term Use.- IV Completely Implantable Devices of Total Artificial Heart.- Completely Implantable Total Artificial Heart and Heart Assist Systems: Initial In Vivo Testing.- System Estimation of Linear Pulse Motor-Driven Artificial Heart.- A Human Model of the Moving-Actuator Type Total Artificial Heart (TAH).- Dynamic Change of Cardiac Base and Anatomic Constraints in Total Artificial Heart Implantation.- An Electrohydraulic Totally Implantable Artificial Heart with a Motor-Integrated Regenerative Pump.- Minimization of Hemolysis in the Design Improvement of Totally Implantable Univalved Artificial Heart System (AHS).- Baylor Multi-Purpose One-Piece Total Artificial Heart (TAH) System for Short-Term to Long-Term Use.- Perspectives of Total Artificial Heart Research as a Valuable Modelling System for General Physiology and Pathophysiology.- Development of an Implantable Total Artificial Heart: Initial Animal Experiments.- V Clinical Use of Devices.- Clinical Use of Mechanical Cardiac Assist Devices.- Clinical Use of Cardiac Assist Devices.- Clinical Applications and Problems of Pneumatic Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Devices.- Clinical Experience with Percutaneous Left Ventricular Support Using Transseptal Left Atrial-Femoral Artery Bypass.- New Compact Integrated Cardiopulmonary Bypass Unit (CICU) for Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support.- Development and Intermediate Results of a New Short Durable Balloon for Intraaortic Balloon Pumping.- Cardiac Functions in Long-Term Survivors of Mechanical Circulatory Support.- Analysis of Complications Affecting Survival After Employment of Ventricular Assist System (VAS) Using Pneumatic and Centrifugal Pumps.- Antithrombogenic Regimen for Clinical Use of Pneumatic Ventricular Assist Device.- Quantitative Detection of Regional Right Ventricular Contraction Abnormalities During Left Ventricular Assistance.- Effect of Left Ventricular Assistance on Ventricular/Arterial Coupling and Efficiency of Energy Transfer from Pressure-Volume Area to External Mechanical Work of the Right Ventricle.- VI New Approaches.- Toward an Implantable Axial Intra-Cardiac Blood Pump: The Valvo-Pump.- Development of a Miniature Intraventricular Axial Flow Blood Pump as a Fully Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Device for Bridge Use.- An Electrically-Driven Rotary Blood Pump Based on the Wankel Engine.- Development of a Pulsatile Total Artificial Heart Using a Single Continuous Flow Pump: Development of the Third Model.- Study of a Ferrofluidic Actuator for an Implantable Artificial Heart.- Magnetically Actuated Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD): Acute Animal Test Results.- Development of a Seal-Less Motor-Driven Centrifugal Blood Pump (Baylor Gyro Pump).- Recent Development of Centrifugal Blood Pump with a Magnetically Suspended Impeller.- Development of Straight Path Centrifugal Pump.- Pulmonary Function in Nonpulsatile Pulmonary Circulation with a Centrifugal Pump.- Toward a Nonpulsatile Totally Implantable Artificial Heart.- Functional Evaluation of Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty in Chronic Heart Failure Model.- Muscle-Powered Blood Pump Driven by Linear Muscle Actuator: System Development and Performance.- Dual Chamber Skeletal Muscle Powered Pump: Performance at Low Filling Pressure.- Trans-Mitral Ventricular Uptake for Temporary Left Ventricular Support Without Blood Stagnation.- Low-Heparinized Left or Biventrucular Bypass with Oxygenation: Possibility of an Alternative Cardiopulmonary Support in Lung Transplantation.- Reciprocal of the Peripheral Vascular Resistance (1/R) Control Method for the Total Artificial Heart.- New Artificial Heart Control Method from the Neurophysiological Point of View.- Abdominally-Placed Implantable Left Ventricular Assist System (LVAS) with a Continuous Monitoring System.- In Vitro Development of Automatic Control for the Moving-Actuator Type Total Artificial Heart (TAH).- VII Heart Transplantation.- Organization and Coordination of Organ Transplantation in the United States.- Orthotopic Heart Transplantation: Management and Results.- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Pediatric Heart Transplantation.- Non-Invasive Monitoring for Cardiac Rejection Using Impedance Plethysmograms.- Scientific Exhibition.- Key Word Index.