Książki

The creation of a Landlocked of Archipelago had a long historical background. It came into existence in 1947. This controversial demarcation was as a result of the Partition of Bengal. The enclaves were created at that time. Enclave dwellers were living inside a territory but they were familiar as the people of absolutely nowhere. Excluded from the state administration along with no law and judicial procedure, the practice of might is right and informal governance of those enclaves was as a whole. The political game of two neighbor countries has come to an end on 1st August 2015. Now the state less citizens is the citizen of the state. It is the government responsibility to ensure the all rights through formal mechanisms. Depending on the situation, informal governance could be substitute or competent with formal governance. This research has used fourfold typology of Helmke and Levitsky to know the scenario and transformation process of informal governance to formal governance in the former enclaves of Bangladeh. Gabdulhakov five steps model has used to identify the root causes of worst situations in the former enclaves.

Interplay between Informal and Formal Governance: Study on Former Enclaves of Bangladesh