Książki

Toxins are usually considered to be damaging agents; however, they may be very helpful in the therapy of human illness. Botulinum neurotoxin (BTX) was the first microbial protein to be administered by injection to be used therapeutically in humans. BTX has appeared as one of the most multipurpose therapeutic agents in modern medicine with more clinical apps than any other presently on the market. With a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms of botulinun neurotoxin and the advances in biotechnology, future botulinun neurotoxin products are likely to be even more effective and customized to the specific indications and tailored to the needs of patients. Its increasing implementation, under various circumstances, makes it the most versatile drug on the market, spanning almost all medical specialties. Although deemed efficient and secure, there are still many constraints, such as injection-related discomfort, comparatively brief length of reaction, the chance of immunogenicity, and high.

Clinical uses of botulinum toxin in oral and maxillofacial surgery