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This volume analyses the transition of Chinese medicine during the modern era, and the development of product and service niches in selected countries: China, Malaysia, Japan and the Philippines. By investigating the major actors behind the transition, it explores in what way and to what extent these actors affect the transition. It argues that the transnational transition of Chinese medicine is caused not only by spontaneous cultural and social factors, i.e. population growth, technological innovation and acculturation, but also by hegemonic political and economic factors such as Western influence, adoption of the philosophy of modern state, and global commodification of indigenous medical specialties.

Chinese Medicine and Transnational Transition during the Modern Era: Commodification, Hybridity, and Segregation

Chapter 1. Introduction.- Part I. Professionalization, Integration, and Hybridity.- Chapter 2. The Origin and Systematic Development of Chinese Medicine Education in China from Historic time to Date.- Chapter 3. The Evolution and Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Healthcare System and Integrated Medicine in China.- Part II. Commodification and Marketing.- Chapter 4. Tibetan Healing Traditions, Scientific Commodification, and Cultural Identity.- Chapter 5. Medical Marketplaces, Commercialism, and Chinese Medicine in the Cholera Pandemic in Southeast Coastal China, 1961-1965.- Chapter 6. Chinese Medicine in Cosmetic Market in China: History, Contemporary Development, and Challenges

Part III.Transnational Transition .- Chapter 7. Chinese Medicine in Malaysia after Decolonization: Segregation and Unequal Access.- Chapter 8. Current Challenges and Issues for Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) in Malaysia.- Chapter 9. Imperial Medicine and Ethnicity in an Urban Society: Cholera Epidemics in the Philippines.- Chapter 10. Perceptions on Illness and Wellness in East Asia: Contemporary Views on Japanese Medical Systems and Traditions.