Książki

This book covers the basics of DC circuits, AC circuits, three-phase power to understand the basics and controls of electro-hydraulics and electro-pneumatics. This book covers detailed knowledge on the fluid power properties, Bernoulli's equation, Torricelli's theorem, viscosity, viscosity index, hydraulic pumps, hydraulic valves, hydraulic motors, pressure control valves, pneumatic systems, pneumatic cylinders, different types of gas laws, valve actuation, relay, magnetic contactor, different types of switches, logic gates, electro-pneumatic control circuits with different options and introduction to PLC. In addition, the detailed technique of Automation Studio software, different types of simulation circuits with hydraulics, pneumatics and electro-pneumatic are included. This book will be an excellent textbook for electromechanical, robotics, mechatronics, electrical control and mechanical students as well as for the professional who practices fluid power systems.

Fundamentals of Pneumatics and Hydraulics

Chapter 1 Fundamental Electrical Terms

1.1          Introduction

1.2          Charge

1.3          Current

1.4          Direct and Alternating Currents

1.5          Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors

1.6          Resistance and Conductance

1.7          Voltage

1.8          Voltage and Current Sources

1.9          Electric Power and Energy

1.10        Measuring Equipment

                1.10.1   Ohmmeter

                1.10.2    Ammeter

                1.10.3    Voltmeter

                1.10.4    Wattmeter

1.11        Electricity Bill

1.12        Efficiency of a System   

1.13       Ohm's Law

1.14        Kirchhoff's Current Law

1.15        Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

1.16        Series Resistors and Voltage Division Rule

1.17        Parallel Resistors and Current Division Rule

1.18        Delta-Wye Transformation

1.19        Wye-Delta Transformation

1.20        Short Circuit and Open Circuit    

                Exercise Problems

 

Chapter 2 Fluid Power Properties           

 

2.1          Introduction

2.2          Mass and Weight

2.3          Density                                                         

2.4          Specific Weight

2.5          Specific Gravity

2.6          Pressure

2.7          Bottom Pressure of Liquid Column

2.8          Viscosity

2.9          Dynamic Viscosity

2.10        Kinematic Viscosity

2.11        Viscosity Index

2.12        Fluid Flow and Continuity Equation

2.13        Bernoulli's Equation

2.14        Torricelli's Theorem

2.15        Young's Modulus

2.16        Bulk Modulus

2.17        Reynold Number

2.18        Buoyancy

2.19        Pascal Law

2.20        Force Transmission and Multiplication                                                             

                Exercise Problems                                                                                                                                                    

 

Chapter 3   Hydraulic Pumps                                                                                                                                     

 

3.1          Introduction

3.2          Pump

3.3          Pump Pressure and Flow Rate

3.4          Pump Power and Torque

3.5          Pumps Classification

3.6          Working Principle of Pump

3.7          Rotary Pumps

                3.7.1      Gear Pump

                3.7.2      Lobe Pump

                3.7.3      Vane Pump

                3.7.4      Screw Pump

                3.7.5      Piston Pump

3.8          Theoretical Discharge of Axial Piston Pump

3.9          Centrifugal Pump

3.10        Velocity Triangle of Centrifugal Pump

3.11        Graphic Symbols of Pump

3.12        Performance of Pump

 

Chapter 4  Hydraulic Directional Valves                                                                                                              

 

4.1          Introduction

4.2          Control Valves

4.3          Classification of DCV

4.4          Check Valve

4.5          Shuttle Valve

4.6          Two-way Directional Control Valves

4.7          Three-way Directional Control Valves

4.8          Four-way Directional Control Valves

4.9          Actuation of Control Valves

4.10        Mounting of Directional Control Valves

4.11        Directional Control Valves Specification

                Exercises

 

Chapter 5   Hydraulic Motors                                                                                                                    

 

5.1          Introduction

5.2          Classification of Motors

5.3          Torque of Motor

5.4          Speed of Motor

5.5          Power of Motor

5.6          Efficiency of Motor

5.7          Graphic Symbols of Motor

5.8          Specification of Motors and Applications

                Exercise

 

Chapter 6  Hydraulic Pressure Control Devices                                                                                                

 

6.1          Introduction

6.2          Pressure Control Valves Classification

6.3          Pressure Relief Valve

6.4          Pressure Reducing Valve

6.5          Application of Pressure Reducing Valve

6.6          Pressure Sequence Valve

6.7          Application of Pressure Sequence Valve

6.8          Application of Two Pressure Sequence Valve

6.9          Unloading Valve

6.10        Application of Unloading Valve

6.11        Counterbalance Valve

6.12        Application of Counterbalance Valve

6.13        Brake Valve

6.14        Application of Brake Valve

                Exercise

 

Chapter 7  Hydraulic Flow Control Devices                                                                                        

 

7.1          Introduction

7.2          Classification of Flow Control Valves

7.3          Standard Flow Control Valve

7.4          Pressure Compensated Flow Control Valve

7.5          Pressure and Temperature Compensated Flow Control Valve

7.6          Relationship of Flow Rate with Flow Coefficient

7.7          Application of Flow Control Valve in Meter-in Circuit

7.8          Application of Flow Control Valve in Meter-out Circuit

7.9          Application of Flow Control Valve in Bleed-off Circuit

7.10        Flow Dividers

7.11        Application of Flow Dividers Valve

7.12        Cylinders Cushioned

Exercise

 

Chapter 8            Ancillary Components                                                                                          

 

8.1          Introduction

8.2          Classification of Ancillary Components

8.3          Reservoir

8.4          Intensifier

8.5          Application of Intensifier in a Single-Acting Cylinder

8.6          Application of Intensifier in a Double-Acting Cylinder

8.7          Heat Exchanger

8.9          Filter

8.10        Filter Size

8.11        Conduits and Fittings

8.12        Measuring Devices

8.13       Seals

                Exercise

 

Chapter 9            Pneumatic Systems                                                                                               

 

9.1          Introduction

9.2          Pneumatic Systems

9.3          Comparison of Pneumatic Systems with Hydraulic Systems

9.4          Absolute Pressure and Temperature

9.5          Gas Laws

                9.5.1      Boyle's Law

                9.5.2      Charles's Law

                9.5.3      Gay-Lussac's Law

                9.5.4      General Gas Law

9.6          Compressor and Size

9.7          Size of the Receiver Tank

9.8          Vacuum Pump

                Exercise

 

Chapter 10          Pneumatic System Components                                                                                                      

 

10.1       Introduction

10.2        Pneumatic Cylinders

10.3        Pneumatic Directional Control Valves

10.4        Actuation of Directional Control Valves

10.5        Fluid Conditioning

10.6        Application of Shuttle Valve

10.7        Application of AND Valve

                Exercise

 

Chapter 11          Electrical Devices and Control of Cylinders

 

11.1       Introduction

11.2        Different Types of Switch

11.3        Push-Button Switch

11.4        Limit Switch

11.5        Pressure Switch

11.6        Level Switch

11.7        Proximity Switch

11.8        Temperature Switch

11.9        Flow Switch

11.10     Solenoid

11.11     Relay

11.12     Magnetic Contactor

11.13     Fluid Power Logic Gates

                11.13.1  AND Gate

                11.13.2  OR Gate

11.14     Flow Amplification

11.15     Signal Inversion

11.16     Memory Function

11.17     Time Delay Valve

11.18     Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option I

11.19     Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option II

11.20     Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option III

11.21     Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option IV

11.22     Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option V

11.23     Sequentially Control of Two Cylinders

11.24     Basics of PLC

11.25     Control of Cylinder with PLC

 

                                                                                               

Appendix A        Important Mathematical Formulae                                                                                                

Appendix B         Answers to Practice and Exercise Problems                                                                                       

Index