Książki

This book is one of the first to systematically explore cultural interactions between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian Steppe, with a focus on the formation process of the Xiongnu Confederation and the Silk Road. Combining partition and staging analyses, the authors adopt a broad perspective, viewing the Northern Zone as part of the Eurasian Steppe and combining history with culture by investigating the spread of bronze artifacts. In addition, with more than three hundred figures and color photographs, it offers readers a uniquely grand panorama of two thousand years of cultural interactions between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian Steppe.

The Metal Road of the Eastern Eurasian Steppe: The Formation of the Xiongnu Confederation and the Silk Road

FORWARD
PREFACEI. The Geography of the Eurasian SteppeII. The History of Research on the Relations between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian SteppeIII. About the BookCHAPTER ONETHE GERMINATION OF NORTHERN BRONZES1.1 Different Bronze Systems in Eurasia1.1.1 Eastern bronze culture system1.1.2 Western bronze culture system1.1.3 Bronze culture system during the late prehistoric period1.2 Research Background beyond China Related to Chinese Early Bronzes1.2.1 Early bronzes of the Oasis culture in southern Central Asia1.2.2 Early bronzes of the steppe culture1.2.3 Seriation of some early bronzes1.3 The Formation of Different Systems of Early Chinese Bronzes1.3.1 Central Plain bronze system during the Xia period1.3.2 Northern bronze system during the Xia period1.3.3 Early bronzes of the Northwestern bronze system during the Xia period1.4 Relationship between the Early Bronzes from China and Those outside of China1.4.1 Relationship between the bronzes of the Qijia culture and those outside of China1.4.2 Relationship between the bronzes of the Siba culture and those of the Tianshanbeilu culture and those beyond the borders of China1.4.3 The prototype of the Northern Zone of China-the Mongolian Plateau Metallurgical ProvinceCHAPTER TWOTHE EXPANSION OF THE STEPPE CULTURE DURING THE SECOND MILLENNIUM B.C.2.1 Andronovo Culture and Seima-Turbino Culture2.1.1 Andronovo culture and socketed battle axes in steppe2.1.2 Characteristics, dating and population of the Seima-Turbino remains2.1.3 Relationship between the two types of remains2.2 Relevant Remains in China2.2.1 Relevant remains of the Andronovo culture complex found in Xinjiang2.2.2 Socketed battle axes in Xinjiang and the Northern Zone2.2.3 Hollow-head axes in Xinjiang and the Northern Zone of China2.2.4 Bronze spears with Seima-Turbino characteristics found in China2.3 The Cultural Relations between China and the Steppe Zone during the 2000 B.C.2.3.1 Expansion of the Andronovo culture complex in Xinjiang2.3.2 The spread of socketed battle axes2.3.3 Spread of axes2.3.4 Seima-Turbino-type bronze spears2.3.5 SummaryCHAPTER THREETHE EMERGENCE AND EXPANSION OF BRONZES IN THE NORTHERN ZONE OF CHINA3.1 Emergence of the Northern Bronzes3.1.1 Northern bronzes during the early Shang period3.1.2 Northern bronzes from the late Shang to West Zhou3.1.3 Evolution of the major bronzes3.2 Eurasian Steppe at the End of the 2nd Millennium B.C.3.2.1 Kazakh steppes, East European steppe, and forest steppes in the post-Seima period3.2.2 Early bronze artifacts in the Mongolian region3.2.3 Karasuk culture in the Minusinsk Basin3.3 The Spread of Chinese Northern Bronzes3.3.1 The influence of northern bronzes on Central Plain culture3.3.2 The influence of northern bronzes on the north of the Yan Mountains3.3.3 The relationship between northern bronze and the Mongolian Plateau3.3.4 The relationship between the northern bronze and Minusinsk Basin3.3.5 The influence of the northern bronzes on the steppes beyond the border, taking the bronze short sword as an exampleCHAPTER FOURTHE BEGINNING OF THE EARLY NOMADIC AGE4.1 The Beginning of the Nomadic Culture of the Eurasian Steppe4.1.1 The northern coast of the Black Sea and the Kuban River Basin: The pre- and early Scythian cultures4.1.2 South Siberia in Russia: the Arzhan Kurgan4.1.3 Slab Grave culture in the Mongolian Plateau and Trans-Baikal4.2 The Predecessor of Nomadic Civilization in the Northern Zone of China4.2.1 Upper Xiajiadian culture4.2.2 Kayue culture4.3 Contact between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian Steppe4.3.1 The relationship between the Upper Xiajiadian culture and the Slab Grave culture4.3.2 Cultural interaction between the Upper Xiajiadian culture and South Siberia and the Black Sea4.3.3 Division of the middle and eastern Eurasian Steppe and their characteristics4.4 Conjectures of Transition from Animal Husbandry to Nomadic PastoralismCHAPTER FIVETHE NORTHERN ZONE OF CHINA AND THE EURASIAN STEPPE IN THE EARLY IRON AGE5.1 The Prosperous Nomadic Culture in the Eurasian Steppe5.1.1 The Scythian culture5.1.2 The Sauro-Sarmatian culture5.1.3 The Saka culture5.1.4 The Tagar culture5.1.5 The early nomadic culture in the Tuva area5.1.6 The early nomadic culture in the Altai region5.1.7 The Slab Grave culture5.2 Formation of the Northern Cultural Belt of China5.2.1 The sites of the Di in Northern China5.2.2 Remains related to the Hu in the Northern Zone5.2.3 Differences between two types of sites in the Northern Zone of China during the Eastern Zhou Period5.3 Interactions between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian Steppe5.3.1 Interactions with the Mongolian Plateau and Transbaikal5.3.2 Interactions with Minusinsk and Tuva5.3.3 Connections with the Altai region5.3.4 Connections with the Semirechye region in the Tianshan Mountains5.4 Further Exploration of the Origin of the Xiongnu5.4.1 Comparison between the earliest Xiongnu remains and the related remains of the Northern Zone of China and the Mongolian Plateau5.4.2 DiscussionCHAPTER SIXCULTURAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE NORTHERN ZONE OF CHINA AND THE EURASIAN STEPPE IN THE XIONGNU TIMES6.1 Study on the Staging of Xiongnu Remains6.1.1 Description of related concepts6.1.2 Staging the Xiongnu remains in Mongolia and the Transbaikal region6.1.3 The large tombs of the Xiongnu6.2 Sources of Xiongnu Cultural Elements and Their Communication with Surrounding Areas6.2.1 Analysis of the cultural factors of the Xiongnu remains in the middle and late Western Han period6.2.2 The spread of the Xiongnu culture6.2.3 Summary of the spread of Xiongnu's cultural factors and their relationship with the surrounding ethnic groups and the subordinate countries of Xiongnu6.3 The Transformation of Cultural Interactions between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian Steppe from the Late Warring States period to the Middle Western Han Period6.3.1 Eurasian Steppe cultural features in the Northern Zone of China during the late Warring States period6.3.2 The Eurasian Steppe cultural factors in the Northern Zone of China during the Western Han dynasty6.3.3 The cultural factors of the Central Plain in the Xiongnu culture6.3.4 The opening of the Silk Road and its southward movementCONCLUSIONI. The Development of the Northern Zone of China-Mongolian Plateau Metallurgical Province and the Rise of the XiongnuII. The Contact of the Northern Zone of China with the Asian Inland Piedmont and the Formation of the Silk RoadIII. The Eastward and Westward Cultural Advances Influenced by Cultures of the Eastern Region and the Western RegionPOSTSCRIPT