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Since its publication in 1990, Athenaze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek has helped tens of thousands of students learn classical Greek. Building on the bestselling tradition of previous editions, the long-awaited third edition combines the best features of traditional and modern teaching methods. It provides a unique course of instruction that allows students to read connected Greek narrative right from the beginning and guides them to the point where they
can begin reading complete classical texts. James Morwood, editor of the Oxford Grammar of Classical Greek and the Pocket Oxford Classical Greek Dictionary, brings his expertise and years of teaching experience to this revision.

Carefully designed to hold students' interest, the course begins in Book I with a fictional narrative about an Attic farmer's family placed in a precise historical context (432-431 B.C.). This narrative, interwoven with tales from mythology and the Persian Wars, gradually gives way in Book II to adapted passages from Thucydides, Plato, and Herodotus and ultimately to excerpts of the original Greek of Bacchylides, Thucydides, and Aristophanes' Acharnians. Essays on relevant aspects of ancient
Greek culture and history are also woven throughout. Athenaze, Books I and II, presents a thoughtful, reading-based approach to learning ancient Greek. Both books are interspersed with superbly written cultural and historical essays that introduce readers to the signature characteristics of Greek culture. * Stephen Esposito, Boston University * I have found Athenaze's methodology successful with today's broad range of student learning styles and varied levels of language sophistication. * Elizabeth A. Fisher, George Washington University * Athenaze is an excellent adaptation of the reading approach for ancient Greek, with excellent Greek readings. * Nicholas Rynearson, University of Georgia * The approach is student friendly, the readings are varied and interesting, and the grammatical explanations are clear. * Laurie Cosgriff, Portland State University * Athenaze is the best text for learning ancient Greek. Period. * George Rudebusch, Northern Arizona University * The storyline and characters of the text readily draw students into the language and culture of the Greeks. Athenaze is arguably the best first-year Greek text on the market. * Richard L. Phillips, Virginia Tech University *

Athenaze, Book II: An Introduction to Ancient Greek

Book 1:

INTRODUCTION ix

Readings Grammar

1 ? ??????????? (?) 2 1. Verb Forms: Stems and Endings 4

2. Nouns: Genders, Stems, Endings, Cases, and Agreement 4

3. Labeling Functions of Words in Sentences 6

The Athenian Farmer 6 4. Use of the Definite Article 6

? ??????????? (?) 8 5. Accents 9

? ?????? 10

Classical Greek: Heraclitus 11

New Testament Greek: Title of the Gospel of Luke 11

2 ? ??????? (?) 12 1. Verb Forms: Indicative Mood; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Persons Singular 13

2. Proclitics 14

3. The Imperative 15

Slavery 15

Greek Wisdom: Cleobulus of Lindos 16

? ??????? (?) 18 4. Articles, Adjectives, and Nouns; Singular, All Cases 20

5. Uses of the Cases 20

6. Persistent Accent of Nouns and Adjectives 20

7. Recessive Accent of Verbs 21

? ?????? 22

Classical Greek: Callimachus 23

New Testament Greek: Luke 3.22 23

3 ? ?????? (?) 24 1.Verb Forms: 3rd Person Plural, Imperatives, and Infinitives 26

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The Deme and the Polis 28

? ?????? (?) 30 2. Articles, Adjectives, and Nouns; Singular and Plural, All Cases 31

3. Accent Shifting 32

?? ???? 34

Classical Greek: Menander 35

New Testament Greek: Luke 6.46 35

4 ???? ??? ?????? (?) 36 1. Verb Forms: All Persons, Singular and Plural 38

2. Declensions of Nouns and Adjectives 40

3. Feminine Nouns and Adjectives of the 1st Declension 40

Women 43

Greek Wisdom: Pittacus of Mitylene 45

???? ??? ?????? (?) 46 4. Masculine Nouns of the 1st Declension 47

5. Feminine Nouns of the 2nd Declension 48

6. 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives 48

7. Formation of Adverbs 50

8. The Definite Article as Case Indicator 50

?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? 51

Classical Greek: Callimachus 53

New Testament Greek: Luke 6.45 53

5 ? ????? (?) 54 1. Contract Verbs in -?- 56

2. Recessive Accent of Finite Verbs 56

3. Article at the Beginning of a Clause 58

4. Elision 58

Gods and Men 59

Greek Wisdom: Chilon of Sparta 61

? ????? (?) 62 5. Agreement of Subject and Verb 64

6. Personal Pronouns 64

7. Attributive and Predicate Position 66

8. Possessives 66

9. The Adjective ?????, -?, -? 68

? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? 69

Greek Wisdom: The Seven Wise Men 70

Classical Greek: Anacreon 71

New Testament Greek: Luke 4.22 and 24 71

6 ? ????? (?) 72 1. Verb Forms: ???? 74

2. Verbs: Voice 75

3. Verb Forms: Middle Voice 76

4. Deponent Verbs 78

Myth 81

? ????? (?) 84 5. Middle Voice: Meaning 86

6. Some Uses of the Dative Case 88

7. Prepositions 89

? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? 91

Classical Greek: Marriage 93

New Testament Greek: Luke 13.10-16 93

7 ? ?????? (?) 94 1. Substantive Use of Adjectives 96

2. Nouns: Declensions 97

3. 3rd Declension Consonant Stem Nouns: Velar and Dental Stems 97

4. Reflexive Pronouns 100

Homer 102

? ?????? (?) 104 5. 3rd Declension Consonant Stem Nouns: Nasal Stems 106

6. 3rd Declension Consonant Stem Nouns: Labial and Liquid Stems 107

7. A 3rd Declension Adjective: ??????, ??????, of sound mind; prudent; self-controlled 107

8. The Interrogative Pronoun and Adjective 108

9. The Indefinite Pronoun and Adjective 109

? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? 110

Classical Greek: Sophocles 111

Greek Wisdom: Thales of Miletus 111

8 ???? ?? ???? (?) 112 1. Participles: "Present" or Progressive: Middle Voice 114

Athens: A Historical Outline 117

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Classical Greek: Archilochus 121

New Testament Greek: Luke 5.20-21 121

???? ?? ???? (?) 122 2. 3rd Declension Consonant Stem Nouns: Stems in -?- 124

3. Two Important Irregular Nouns: ? ????, ??? ????????, woman; wife, and ? ????, ??? ??????, hand 125

4. 1st/3rd Declension Adjective ???, ????, ???, all; every; whole 126

Greek Wisdom: Periander of Corinth 127 5. Numbers 128

6. Expressions of Time When, Duration of Time, and Time within Which 128

? ???????? ??? ? ?????? 130

Classical Greek: Sappho: The Deserted Lover: A Girl's Lament 131

9 ? ????????? (?) 132 1. Participles: Present or Progressive: Active Voice 135

The City of Athens 139

? ????????? (?) 142 2. 3rd Declension Nouns with Stems Ending in -??- 145

3. 3rd Declension Nouns with Stems Ending in a Vowel: ? ????? and ?? ???? 145

4. 3rd Declension Nouns with Stems Ending in Diphthongs or Vowels: ? ???????? and the Irregular Nouns ? ???? and ? ????

146

5. Uses of the Genitive Cases 147

6. Some Uses of the Article 148

? ???????? ??? ? ????? 149

Classical Greek: Simonides 151

New Testament Greek: Luke 6.31-33: The Sermon on the Mount 151

REVIEW OF VERB FORMS 152

PREVIEW OF NEW VERB FORMS 154

10 ? ??????? (?) 156 1.Verb Forms: Verbs with sigmatic Futures 158

2. Verb Forms: The Asigmatic Contract Future of Verbs in ???? 159

3. Verb Forms: The Sigmatic Future of Contract Verbs 159

4. Verb Forms: Verbs with Deponent Futures 159

Festivals 162

Classical Greek: Theognis 163

New Testament Greek: Luke 6.35-36: The Sermon on the Mount 163

? ??????? (?) 164 5. Verb Forms: The Asigmatic Contract Future of Verbs with Liquid and Nasal Stems 166

6.The Irregular Verb ???? 168

7. Future Participle to Express Purpose 170

8. Impersonal Verbs 170

9. Review of Questions 171

? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? 171

Classical Greek: Menander 173

New Testament Greek: Luke 5.30-32 173

11 ? ?????? (?) 174 1. Verb Forms: Past Tense: The Aorist 176

2. Verb Forms: The Thematic 2nd Aorist 177

3. Aspect 178

4. Thematic 2nd Aorist Active and Middle Participles 180

5. Verb Forms: Common Verbs with Thematic 2nd Aorists 180

Greek Science and Medicine 183

Classical Greek: Theognis 185

New Testament Greek: Luke 6.20-21: The Beatitudes 185

? ?????? (?) 186 6. Verbs with Thematic 2nd Aorists from Unrelated Stems 189

7. Accents on Thematic 2nd Aorist Active Imperatives 189

8. Augment 190

? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? 192

New Testament Greek: Luke 6.27-29: The Sermon on the Mount 193

12 ???? ??? ??????? (?) 194 1. Verb Forms: Past Tense: The Sigmatic 1st Aorist 196

2. Sigmatic 1st Aorist Active and Middle Participles 199

Trade and Travel 200

Classical Greek: Scolion: The Four Best Things in Life 203

New Testament Greek: Luke 15.3-7: The Parable of the Lost Sheep 203

???? ??? ??????? (?) 204 3. Verb Forms: The Asigmatic 1st Aorist of Verbs with Liquid and Nasal Stems 207

4. Irregular Sigmatic 1st Aorists 208

5. Verb Forms: Augment of Compound Verbs 209

? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? 210

Greek Wisdom: Bias of Priene 211

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13 ???? ??? ???????? (?) 212 1. Verb Forms: The Imperfect or Past Progressive Tense 213

2. Aspect 216

The Rise of Persia 218

???? ??? ???????? (?) 222 3. Relative Clauses 224

4. 3rd Declension Nouns and Adjectives with Stems in -??- 226

5. 1st/3rd Declension Adjective with 3rd Declension Stems in -?- and -?- 227

? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? 228

Greek Wisdom: Solon of Athens 230

Classical Greek: Archilochus 231

CONTENTS

Introduction, iii

Chapter 1, ? ???????????, 1

Reading: ? ?????, 3

Chapter 2, ? ???????, 4

Reading: ???? ??????????, 7

Chapter 3, ? ??????, 8

Reading: ? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????, 11

Chapter 4, ???? ??? ??????, 12

Reading: ? ???????? ??? ? ?????, 17

Chapter 5, ? ?????, 18

Grammar: Clauses of Result with ????, 20

Reading: ? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????, 24

Vocabulary: Chapters 1-5, 25

Chapter 6, ? ?????, 28

Reading: ? ??????????? ?????????, 32

Chapter 7, ? ??????, 34

Reading: ?? ??? ????? ?????, 37

Chapter 8, ???? ?? ????, 39

Reading: ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ????????, 40

Reading: ? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????, 46

Chapter 9, ? ?????????, 49

Reading: ?? ??? ???????? ????, 53

Vocabulary: Chapters 6-9, 55

Chapter 10, ? ???????, 59

Reading: ?? ?????? ???????, 61

Grammar: ??????? and ????, 63

Reading: ? ???????? ?????? ?????, 66

Chapter 11, ? ??????, 68

Grammar: Some Common Verbs with Thematic 2nd Aorists, 68

Grammar: Some Common Verbs with Thematic 2nd Aorists from Unrelated Stems, 72

Reading: ?? ??? ??????, 74

Chapter 12, ???? ??? ???????, 78

Grammar: Some Irregular Sigmatic 1st Aorists, 81

Reading: ? ???? ????? ?????, 83

Chapter 13, ???? ??? ????????, 85

Reading: ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????, 91

Vocabulary: Chapters 10-13, 93

Chapter 14, ? ?? ???? ??????????? ????, 97

Grammar: Review of Uses of the Cases, 99

Reading: ??? ???????? ?????????, 104

Chapter 15, ? ?? ??? ???????? ????, 109

Reading: ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????????, 114

Chapter 16, ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????, 117

Reading: ? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????, 118

Grammar: Review of Prepositions, 120

Reading: ? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????, 125

Vocabulary: Chapters 14-16, 130

Answer Key, 134



Book 2



CONTENTS

Introduction, v

Chapter 17, ? ????????? (?), 1

Reading: ??????? ????? I, 5

Chapter 17, ? ????????? (?), 6

Reading: ??????? ????? II, 9

Chapter 18, ? ????????? (?), 10

Reading: ??????? ????? III, 13

Chapter 18, ? ????????? (?), 14

Reading: ??????? ????? III, 17

Chapter 19, ? ?????? (?), 19

Reading: ??????? ????? IV, 23

Chapter 19, ? ?????? (?), 24

Reading: ??????? ????? V, 29

Chapter 20, ? ?????? (?), 30

Reading: ??????? ????? VI, 33

Chapter 20, ? ?????? (?), 35

Reading: ??????? ????? VII, 39

Vocabulary: Chapters 17-20, 40

Chapter 21, ? ???????? (?), 44

Reading: ??????? ????? VIII, 49

Chapter 21, ? ???????? (?), 50

Reading: ??????? ????? IX, 53

Chapter 22, ? ????????? (?), 55

Reading: ??????? ????? X, 59

Chapter 22, ? ????????? (?), 60

Reading: ??????? ????? XI, 63

Chapter 23, ? ?????? (?), 64

Reading: ??????? ????? XII, 67

Chapter 23, ? ?????? (?), 69

Reading: ??????? ????? XIII, 73

Chapter 24, ?? ?????????? (?), 74

Reading: ??????? ????? XIV, 77

Chapter 24, ?? ?????????? (?), 78

Reading: ??????? ????? XV, 81

Vocabulary: Chapters 21-24, 82

Chapter 25, ? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? (?), 87

Reading: ??????? ????? XVI, 91

Chapter 25, ? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? (?), 92

Reading: ??????? ????? XVII, 95

Chapter 26, ? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? (?), 96

Reading: ??????? ????? XVIII, 99

Chapter 26, ? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? (?), 101

Reading: ??????? ????? XIX, 103

Chapter 27, ? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? (?), 105

Reading: ??????? ????? XX, 109

Chapter 27, ? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? (?), 110

Reading: ??????? ????? XXI, 113

Chapter 28, ? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? (?), 114

Reading: ??????? ????? XXII, 119

Chapter 28, ? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? (?), 120

Reading: ??????? ????? XXIII, 123

Vocabulary: Chapters 25-28, 124

Chapter 29, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? (?), 128

Reading: ??????? ????? XXIV, 129

Chapter 29, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? (?), 131

Reading: ??????? ????? XXV, 133

Chapter 29, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? (?), 134

Reading: ??????? ????? XXVI, 135

Chapter 29, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? (?), 136

Reading: ??????? ????? XXVII, 137

Chapter 29, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? (?), 138

Reading: ??????? ????? XXVIII, 139

Chapter 30, ??????? (?), 141

Reading: ??????? ????? XXIX, 143

Chapter 30, ??????? (?), 144

Reading: ??????? ????? XXX, 145

Chapter 30, ??????? (?), 146

Reading: ??????? ????? XXXI, 147

Chapter 30, ??????? (?), 148

Reading: ??????? ????? XXXII, 149

Vocabulary: Chapters 29-30, 152

Supplementary Grammar, 156

Aspect, Time, and Tense, 156

Articles, 162

Uses of the Cases, 166

Correlatives: Interrogative, Indefinite, Demonstrative, and Relative Pronouns and Adjectives, 172

Uses of ????, 175

Uses of ??, 176

Uses of the Negative, 178

Uses of the Participle, 181

Third Person Imperatives, 184

Review of Prepositions, 186

Answer Key, 189

Chapters 17-30, 189

Supplementary Grammar, 213

The Tablet of Cebes XXXIII-XLI, 217