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Russia's Empires

Russia's Empires

Authors
Publisher Oxford University Press Inc
Year 05/01/2017
Pages 448
Version paperback
Readership level General/trade
Language English
ISBN 9780199924394
Categories 20th century history: c 1900 to c 2000
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183.75 PLN / €39.40 / £34.20
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Book description

Combining the talents and expert knowledge of an early modern historian of Russia and of a Soviet specialist, Russia's Empires is the first major study of the entire sweep of Russian history from its earliest formations to the rule of Vladimir Putin. Looking through the lens of empire, which the authors conceptualize as a state based on institutionalized differentiation, inequitable hierarchy, and bonds of reciprocity between ruler and ruled, Kivelson and Suny
displace the centrality of nation and nationalism in the Russian and Soviet story. Yet their work demonstrates how imperial polities were key to the creation of national identifications and processes that both hindered and fostered what would become nations and nation-states. Using the concept of
empire, they look at the ways that ordinary people imagined their position within a non-democratic polity - whether the Muscovite tsardom or the Soviet Union - and what concessions the rulers had to make, or appear to make, in order to establish their authority and preserve their rule.

While other works in the existing historical literature have applied the concept of empire to the study of Russian history, the story told here is in several ways unique. First, the book tackles the long stretch of the history of the region, from the murkiest beginnings to its most recent yesterday, and follows the vicissitudes of empire, the absence, the coalescence, the setbacks of imperial aspirations, across the centuries. The authors do not impose the category, but find it a productive
lens for tracking developments over time. Second, the framework of empire allows them to address pressing questions of how various forms of non-democratic governance managed to succeed and survive, or, alternatively, what caused them to collapse and disappear. Studying Russia's long history in an
imperial guise encourages the reader to attend to forms of inclusion, displays of reciprocity, and manifestations of ideology that might otherwise go unnoted, overlooked under the bleak record of coercion and oppression that so often characterizes ideas about Russia.

Russia's Empires follows imperial patterns of rule through distinction, inclusion through reciprocity, and structures for legitimacy in order to trace the experiences of empire by both rulers and ruled. The book traces the coalescence and development of imperial relationships across more than a thousand years. This book brings histories of the peripheries and of the growth and rule of empire into central narratives based in Moscow and Leningrad or Petersburg, in order to understand all the
pieces as part of an interrelated whole. The book brings together stories of despots and dictators at the center with those of people of all classes, conditions, and nationalities who jointly made the Russian Empire. In this remarkable work, two of the leading historians of the "imperial turn" have drawn on the past quarter-century of historical work and produced the most readable and insightful single volume of Russian history to date. Valerie Kivelson and Ronald Suny reveal how Russia's empires functioned as polities by employing not just coercive power but discursive power. In doing so, they illuminate how Russia also became an "imperial nation," one where national and
imperial policies developed simultaneously yet frequently produced tensions. Russia's Empires is historical synthesis at its finest." - Stephen Norris, Miami University In this remarkable work, two of the leading historians of the "imperial turn" have drawn on the past quarter-century of historical work and produced the most readable and insightful single volume of Russian history to date. Valerie Kivelson and Ronald Suny reveal how Russia's empires functioned as polities by employing not just coercive power but discursive power. In doing so, they illuminate how Russia also became an "imperial nation," one where national and
imperial policies developed simultaneously yet frequently produced tensions. Russia's Empires is historical synthesis at its finest." - Shoshana Keller, Hamilton College Russia's Empires provides an elegant, stimulating and comprehensive account of Russian history, placing the management of imperial diversity at the heart of the narrative. It is both readable and rigorous, and should help to introduce a new generation of students to the many fascinations of Russia's imperial past and present." - Alexander Stephen Morrison, Nazarbayev University Original, engaging, authoritative, and beautifully illustrated - no other short survey engages Russia's remarkable history of diversity as fully and effectively as Russia's Empires. This should become the field's go-to text for college courses. An impressive achievement." - Willard Sunderland, University of Cincinnati

Russia's Empires

Table of contents

List of Maps

Preface

About the Authors



Introduction

Thinking About Empire

Empires

Russia's Imperial Formations



Chapter One: Before Empire: Early Rus' Visions of Diversity of Lands and Peoples

Before the State: The Peoples of Rus

New Models for Understanding Kiev Rus': Stateless Head or Galactic Polity

Appanage Rus' and Further Fragmentation

Mongol Khans and the Aura of Empire



Chapter Two: Imperial Beginnings: Muscovy

Building a State; Claiming an Empire

Ivan the Terrible: Imperial Principles in Practice

Muscovite Autocracy: Power and Obligation

Who Were the Muscovites? What was Rus'?

The People Speak: The Time of Troubles

Imperial Conquest and Control



Chapter Three: Disrupting the Easy Road from Empire to Nation State: A Theoretical Interlude

Nation, Nationalism, and the Discourse of the Nation



Chapter Four: Responsive Rule and Its Limits: Force and Sentiment in the Eighteenth Century

Succession, Consultation, and the Politics of Affirmation

The Petrine Revolution and the Imperial State

Peter's Successors: A Century of Women (and Children) on Top



Chapter Five: Russians' Identities in the Eighteenth Century: A Multitude of Possibilities

What does Russian mean? Thinking about Nations in the Eighteenth Century

A Multiplicity of Nations: The Peoples and Divisions of Empire

Imperial Expansion in the Eighteenth Century



Chapter Six: Imperial Russia in the Moment of the Nation, 1801-1855

A Kind of Constitution

Clash of Empires

Imperial Conservatism

The Decembrists

Official Nationality

The Intelligentsia

Expansion, Conquest, and Rebellion

Imagining the Russian "Nation": Between West and East



Chapter Seven: War, Reforms, Revolt, and Reaction

A Foolish War

The Great Reforms: Nations, Subjects, and Citizens

Participatory Politics and Categories of Difference

Who Are We? More Questions of National Identity

Russification, Diversity, and Empire

"Pacifying" the Peripheries

Conquering Central Asia

Counter-Reforms and Political Polarization

Empire and the Revolutionary Movement



Chapter Eight: Imperial Anxieties: 1905-1914

The Fate of Empires in the Twentieth Century

The Modernizing Empire and its Discontents

Imperial Overreach: Tsarist Modernization and Expansion

The First Revolution, 1905

When Nationalism Goes Public: Reimagining Empire



Chapter Nine: Clash and Collapse of Empires: 1914-1921

The Great War

Nationality and Class Across the Revolutionary Divide

Soviet Power

Soviet Nationality Policies



Chapter Ten: Making Nations, Soviet Style: 1921-1953

The Stalin Years, 1928-1953

Beating Peasants into Submission

Empire-State and State of Nations

Building National Bolshevism

From Hot War to Cold War: External Empire as Defensive Expansion

Cold War at Home: The Internal Empire

Soviet Discursive Power



Chapter Eleven: Imperial Impasses: Reform, Reaction, Revolution

Policy and Experience: Friendship of the Peoples

A Strange Empire

The Soviet Union in the World

Stagnation

Gorbachev and the Test of Perestroika



Chapter Twelve: The End of Empire, 1991-2016 . . . Or Not?

Vladimir Putin and the Rebuilding of the State

Democratic Recession in the Post-Soviet States

Post-Superpower Russia and NATO Expansion

Red Lines in the Near Abroad: Georgia and Ukraine



Conclusion

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