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This volume of "Progress in Forensic Genetics" contains mainly short three-page manuscripts of the oral and poster presentations at the congress. The manuscripts have been through a reviewing and editing procedure in order to maintain the high quality of the series. It is hoped that all attendees and also those who were not able to attend will be able to profit from the high level of scientific information contained in this book, and that this will stimulate the readership to innovative research in this rapidly changing field of forensic genetics.

Progress in Forensic Genetics 10

Dedication. Preface. Committees. National DNA databases - practice and practicability. A forum for discussion (P.D. Martin). Detection of genetic variation by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: rapid SNP genotyping using the GENOLINK system (D. Niemeyer et al.). Development of SNP microarray for supplementary paternity testing (P. Ellonen et al.). Multiplex Y chromosome SNP genotyping using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (J. Mengel-Jorgensen et al.). Selecting single nucleotide polymorphisms for forensic applications (C. Phillips et al.). SNPs: tools for individual identification (E. Petkovski et al.). Whole genome amplification - the solution for a common problem in forensic casework? (P.M. Schneideret al.). Nonbinary single-nucleotide polymorphism markers (C. Phillips et al.). Population studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms - how important is detailed sample origin information? (C. Thacker et al.). Characteristics of D5S818 mutations revealed through study of a flanking marker (M. Edwards, R.W. Allen). Cytochrome P450 2D6 genotyping of fatal intoxications using Pyrosequencing (A.L. Zackrisson et al.). The identification of the victims of the Linate air crash by DNA analysis (A. Piccinini et al.). Large-scale comparative genotyping and kinship analysis: evolution in its use for human identification in mass fatality incidents and missing persons databasing (B. Leclair). Use of laser microdissection greatly improves the recovery of DNA from sperm on microscope slides (K. Elliott et al.). Discrepant results of samples taken from different tissues of a single individual (E.M. Dauber et al.). Genetic investigation of modern burned corpses (N. von Wurmb-Schwarket al.). Attribution of DNA profiles to body fluid stains (C. Peel, P. Gill). Genetic considerations for interpreting molecular microbial forensic evidence (B. Budowle, R. Chakraborty). Assigning individuals to ethnic groups based on 13 STR loci (X. Fosella et al.). Between country comparison of a large Caucasian STR database collected as part of the Standardisation in DNA Profiling project (D. Syndercombe Court). FINEX, FAMILIAS: two different approaches for the analysis of defective paternity cases (M. Dobosz et al.). Germline mutations at 15 STR loci in the Chinese population (W.-m. Tang, M.-y. Law). The distribution of Y-chromosomal haplotypes: forensic implications (M.A. Jobling, T.E. King). 29 Y-chromosome SNP analysis in European populations (M. Brion et al.). Y-chromosomal microsatellite mutation rates: differences in mutation rate between and within loci (B.M. Dupuyet al.). Y-SNPs analysis in Japanese using liquid bead array technology (M. Hashiyada, M. Nata, T. Nagashima). The highly discriminating Y-STR DYS464: a reasonable extension of the minimal Y-STR haplotype? (B. Berger et al.). Multiplexed assays for evaluation of Y-SNP markers in US populations (P.M. Vallone, J.M. Butler). How much more should the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database increase to reach a pragmatic saturation level? (L. Pereira, A. Amorim). The mitochondrial DNA tree and forensic science (M. Richards). Evaluation and validation of quality assessment of mitochondrial control region sequence data by Phred (E. Sorensenet al.). Analysis of SNP-variation in the coding region of mitochondrial DNA (A. Coene et al.). Beyond HV1 and HV2 - identification of valuable mitochondrial DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (W. Branicki et al.). Measuring by fragment analysis the proportion of length variants in samples carrying length heteroplasmy at the homopolymeric C-stretch in mitochondrial HVII region (L. Prieto et al.). EMPOP - the EDNAP mtDNA population database concept for a new generation, high-quality mtDNA database (W. Parson et al.). Is selection at mtDNA really a major concern? (L. Pereira, A. Amorim). Multiple mutations, covert mutations and false exclusions in paternity casework (C.H. Brenner). Results of the 2003 paternity testing workshop of the English Speaking Working Group of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (B.T. Simonsen, N. Morling). eDNA: networking software tailored for identity testing laboratories (R.W. Allen, K. Harman, A. Sieker). Proficiency testing programs for DNA typing laboratories offered by the College of American Pathologists (R.W. Allen et al.). GEP proficiency testing program in forensic genetics: 10 years of experience (J. Gomez et al.). Y-SNP typing by SNaPshotT in the Belgian population and in degraded forensic samples (N. Siebert, B. Hoste). A study of STR loci (D18S51, FGA, TH01, TPOX) in sub-Saharan populations (M. Regueiro et al.). African STR data based on a newly developed tetraplex fluorescent system (CD4, F13A01, FES and MBPB) (C. Alves et al.). Allele frequencies for CODIS loci in a Sicilian population sample (C. Vecchio et al.). Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci in Argentine population (A.M. Di Lonardo et al.). Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci in a Spanish population (J.C. Carril et al.). Allele frequency distribution of two X-chromosomal STR loci in the Han population in China (M. Lv et al.). An isolated exclusion in the FGA system (U.-D. Immel et al.). Analysis of 12 STR loci in Antioquia (Colombia) population sample (M.L.J. Bravo et al.). Data analysis of D1S1656, D12S391 and D18S535 loci in two Colombian populations: Antioquia and Choco (J.-J. Builes et al.). Differences in allele distribution at 15 STR loci among four Japanese regional populations (T. Yamamoto et al.). Extended polymorphism at STR-locus D5S818 (M. Dulmeret al.). Genetic analysis of the short tandem repeat loci FGA, D7S820, D1S355, D9S304, D12S1090, D3S1744 and D18S849 in an Antioquia (Colombia) population sample (J.J. Builes et al.). Genetic profile of the Ecuadorian Black population (Ecuador-South America) by using the Power Plex(R) 16 system kit (F. Gonzalez-Andrade et al.). Genetic study on 10 STR loci in the Romanian population (L.E. Barbarii et al.). Genetic variation at autosomal and Y-chromosome STRs, and HVRI mtDNA in Ibiza population (C. Tomas et al.). Genotyping inconsistencies and null alleles using AmpFLSTR(R) Identifiler(R) and Powerplex(R) 16 kits (A. Amorim et al.). H?a h?u Amerindian population from La Sierra Otomi-Tepehua (Mexico) characterised by 14 STR-PCR polymorphisms (C. Barrot-Feixat et al.). Huastecos Amerindian population (Mexico) characterised by 12 STR-PCR polymorphisms (A. Gonzalez-Martin et al.). Kurdish (Iraq) and Somalian population data for 15 autosomal and 9 Y-chromosomal STR loci (M. Stenersen et al.). Multiplex PCR investigation of the STR loci C1_4_4, C2_4_4 and C3_3_6 in the HLA class I region (S. Wenda et al.). New sequence data of allelic variants at the STR loci ACTBP2 (SE33), D21S11, FGA, vWA, CSF1PO, D2S1338, D16S539, D18S51 and D19S433 in Caucasoids (E.M. Dauber et al.). Polymorphism at three STR loci on chromosome 21 (D21S1411, D21S1414, and D21S1435) in Croatia (Z. Grubic et al.). Polymorphism of AmpFlSTR Identifiler of the North Poland population (E. Kapi ska et al.). POP-Gene TIMOR: first forensic DNA marker study of East-Timor people (L. Souto et al.). Population data for 15 STR loci D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penat D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA in Japanese (M. Hara et al.). Population analysis from 12 microsatellite loci reveled by silver stain and assisted by computer software (A. Benitez-Paez, S. Laverde). Population data on D16S539, D2S1338 and D19S433 loci in a population sample from Brescia (Italy) (N. Cerri et al.). Development and forensic applications of multiplex PCR of autosomal biallele polymorphisms (C. Turchi et al.). Population genetic analysis in a German population from Saxony-Anhalt using the PowerplexT 16 system (U.-D. Immel et al.). Population genetic data for the STR loci using the AmpFlSTR(R) IdentifilerT Kit in Bahia, Brazil (M.V. Santos et al.). Population genetic data from El Salvador (Central America) using AmpFlSTR(R) Identifiler(R) PCR Amplification Kit (J.A. Morales, J.C. Monterrosa, J. Puente). Genetic data on 10 STRs in a population sample of Old Believers living in the northeastern Poland (W. Pepinski et al.). Population genetics of the Identifiler system in Poland (R. Jacewiczet al.). Population specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (C. Phillips et al.). Short tandem repeat polymorphisms across the HLA-complex: sequence and population data of D6S389 and D6S1051 (R.B.K. Reisacher et al.). The development of two new STR multiplex systems (U. Ricci et al.). Towards Russian reference population data on STR loci (A.G. Smolyanitsky et al.). Validation of STR system FXIIIB for forensic investigation in a population of Central Italy (I. Sani, U. Ricci, M.L. Giovannucci Uzielli). vWA STR locus structure and variability (C. Cruz et al.). 16 Y-specific STR analysis in human remains identification (C. Vieira Silva et al.). A population study of three Y-STR loci by multiplexing in Han population in Chengdu, China (Y. Jia et al.). Advantages of X-chromosomal microsatellites in deficiency paternity testing: presentation of cases (J. Edelmann et al.). Allele distribution of five X-chromosome STR loci in an Italian population sample (G. Peloso, P. Grignani, C. Previdere). Allele frequencies for X-chromosomal microsatellites in different populations (J. Edelmann et al.). A pentaplex PCR assay for the genetic analysis of ChrX short tandem repeat (STR) loci (L. Henke, M. Dulmer, J. Henke). Analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotypes and haplogroups distribution in a population sample from Portugal (central area) (M. Carvalho et al.). Development of a heptaplex PCR system to analyse X-chromosome STR loci from five Italian population samples. A collaborative study (C. Bini et al.). Discrimination index of Y-chromosomal haplotypes in an Antioquia (Colombia) population sample (J.J. Builes et al.). Forensic value of the multicopy Y-STR marker DYS464 (J.M. Butler, R. Schoske). GATA C4 allele 17 as a marker for sub-Saharan origin of Y-chromosome lineages (L. Gusmao et al.). Genetic relationships among East and Southeast Asian populations using 14 Y-STR markers (T. Yamamoto et al.). Haplotype distribution of Y-STR loci in Beijing population (Y.C. Liu et al.). Haplotype frequency of the loci DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS460 (Y-GATA A7.1), DYS461 (Y-GATA A7.2), Y-GATA A10, Y-GATA C4 and Y-GATA H4 in the Bahia-Brazil population (M.V. Santos et al.). Humara X-chromosome inactivation assay for the detection of female minor component in male/female mixed bloodstains (C. Robino, S. Gino, C. Torre). Microgeographic substructure of NW Iberian Y chromosome STR haplotypes (S. Beleza et al.). Multiplex minisequencing strategies for phenotyping M02 haplogroup-derived Y-SNPs in African populations (B. Caeiro et al.). Population genetic comparisons of three X-chromosomal STRs (DXS7132, DXS7133 and GATA172D05) in North and South Italy (S. Turrina, D. De Leo). Population genetic study of y-chromosome haplotypes in the population of El Salvador (San Salvador, Central America) (P. Vasquez et al.). Population genetics of 10 Y-chromosomal STR loci in Japanese using multiplexed PCR amplification kits, Y-PLEXT 6 and Y-PLEXT 5 (A. Kido et al.). Population genetics of eight new Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three Colombian populations: Antioquia, Choco and Cartagena (J.J. Builes et al.). Population genetics of Y chromosomal STR haplotypes in Japanese population (C. Hashimoto et al.). A study of Y-chromosomal microsatellites and biallelic markers in Norway (B. Myhre Dupuy et al.). Portuguese population study with 16 Y-STR loci (H. Geada et al.). Simultaneous PCR of eight loci for very short Y-STR fragment size (K. Tsukada et al.). Does the Tat polymorphism originate in northern Mongolia? (C. Keyser-Tracqui et al.). SNP and STR Y chromosome markers in the Canary Islands population (J.J. Sanchez et al.). SNP genotyping with single base extension-tag microarrays (B. Sobrino et al.). SNP-genotyping on human Y-chromosome for forensic purposes: comparison of two different methods (R. Lessig et al.). Validation of the Y-Plex 6T kit (C. Gehrig, A. Teyssier). Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in an Arab population from Yemen (U.-D. Immel, M. Kleiber, M. Klintschar). Y chromosome genetic structure in the Italian peninsula (C. Capelli et al.). Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in Danes, Greenlanders and Somalis (J.J. Sanchez et al.). Y chromosome STRs in the north of Portugal (M.L. Pontes et al.). Y chromosome in forensic casework and paternity testing (F. Alshamali et al.). No obvious geographical Y-chromosome gradient in the Swedish population (G. Holmlund et al.). Evaluation of the forensic usefulness of the separate analysis of DYS385a and DYS385b in an Austrian population sample (H. Niederstatter et al.). Multiplex PCR development of Y-chromosomal biallelic polymorphisms for forensic applications (F. Alessandrini et al.). Analysis of the HVI and HVII regions of mitochondrial DNA in 100 individuals from North of Portugal (G. Lima et al.). Analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA by liquid bead array technology (M. Nata, M. Hashiyada). Cabo Verde islands: different maternal and paternal heritage testifies the nature of its first settlers (R. Goncalves, A.T. Fernandes, A. Brehm). Identification by mtDNA of exchanged human body remains (C. Cruz et al.). Insights from pattern of mtDNA variation into the genetic history of Sao Tome e Principe (M.J. Trovoada et al.). Investigation of mtDNA heteroplasmy discordance between mother and child (K. Takayanagi et al.). Maternal and paternal contributions in Jewish populations (A. Picornell et al.). Microgeographic substructure of Northern Portuguese mitochondrial DNA lineages: the female perspective of this region history (S. Beleza et al.). Mitochondrial analysis of a British Afro-Caribbean population (D. Ballard et al.). Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Yakut skeletons (F.X. Ricaut et al.). Mitochondrial DNA control region polymorphism in Han, Yao, Li, Uygure and Tibetan groups in China (H. Tang et al.). Molecular identification of arthropods by cytochrome b analysis (M.M. de Pancorbo et al.). Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in 103 unrelated Caucasian Danes (E.M. Rasmussen et al.). Mitochondrial variation in the Bahia-Brazil population (M.V. Santos et al.). Population variation of human mitochondrial DNA (HV1 and HV2) in Spanish unrelated individuals (Northeast Spain) (M. Crespillo et al.). Sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA HVIII region in a Japanese population (A. Nagai, I. Nakamura, Y. Bunai). Sequence Polymorphisms of Mitochondrial Control Region DNA in Argentine population (S.E. Filippini et al.). Subdividing mtDNA haplogroup H based on coding-region polymorphisms - a study in Iberia (L. Pereira et al.). Typing mtDNA SNPs of forensic and population interest with snapshot (B. Quintans et al.). MtDNA coding region SNPs for rapid screening and haplogroup identification of forensic samples (A. Brandstatter, T.J. Parsons, W. Parson). MtDNA: a successful identification case in burned remains (N. Cerri, A. Verzeletti, F. De Ferrari). Mitochondrial DNA profiling of modern Malay and Orang Asli populations in peninsular Malaysia (Z. Zainuddin, W. Goodwin). Collaborative exercise on mitochondrial DNA by laboratories in the GEFI group (L. Buscemi, S. Presciuttini, A. Tagliabracci). Forensic identification of two murderers by DNA multi-reverse parental analysis (M. Pizzamiglio et al.). Forensic identification of a murderer by LCN DNA collected from the inside of the victim's car (M. Pizzamiglio et al.). Forensic identification of a murderer by typing volunteers of a small village of Northern Italy (M. Pizzamiglio et al.). Identifying the culprit from LCN DNA obtained from saliva and sweat traces linked to two different robberies and use of a database (M. Pizzamiglio et al.). A triplet pregnancy case with a complete hydatidiform mole and two fetuses diagnosed by polymorphic STR markers (T. Yamamoto et al.). Allele sharing in related and unrelated individuals: implications in kinship analysis (M.J. Farfan, V. Prieto, P. Sanz). Twin zygosity studies with the formula from DNA-View's Kinship Module after molecular analyses by polymorphic markers (U. Ricci et al.). Banco Nacional de Datos Geneticos and human identification of forensic cases (S.F. Valente et al.). Bayesian analysis of mixed stains when there are two related contributors (A. Penafiel, J.M. Ruiz de la Cuesta). Case study: paternity testing - when 21 loci are not enough (W. Goodwin et al.). Databases: the real importance in paternity testing (A.T. Fernandes, R. Goncalves, A. Brehm). DNA analysis in a case of serial murderers (A. Barbaro, P. Cormaci, S. Louahlia). DNA analysis of sex chromosomal aberration: curious mutation found in Turner syndrome (K. Honda et al.). DNA extraction assays from formalin fixed tissues: paternity testing from a 3-week-old embryo (L. Delpech et al.). DNA typing from steel cable (L. Saravo et al.). Effect on paternity index of substituting the biological father by his brother - preliminary report (J. Berent, R. Jacewicz, S. Szram). Evaluation of stain cases of the Swiss DNA Database (A. Kratzer et al.). Evaluation of STR typings (TH01, TPOX and CSF1PO loci) using urine obtained from bladder cancer patients (Y. Itoh et al.). Forensic DNA analysis of a foetal histological section and chromosome sample from chorionic villi (CV) in Down syndrome (H. Pamjav et al.). Genetic inconsistencies in paternity cases (A.M. Di Lonardo et al.). Human identification using DNA purified from residues in used toothbrushes (M.R. Jobim et al.). Identification of a carbonized body by DNA profiling (N. Staiti et al.). Localization of DNA on a dishcloth used as a strangulation tool allowed perpetrator identification within a family (I. Spinetti et al.). Loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability of forensically used STR markers in human cervical carcinoma (J. Edelmann et al.). Maternity testing in a chimerical child (M.B. Rodriguez Cardozo et al.). Microsatellite instability detection in hereditary colorectal cancer: is it possible in a public hospital? (S. Filippini et al.). Mosaicism as a possible reason for poor amplification of amelogenin-Y in three human male individuals (E.M. Dauber et al.). Non-exclusion paternity case with a triple genetic incompatibility (R. Jacewicz et al.). On the power of excluding relatives of the true father from paternity (Y.-Q. Hu, W.K. Fung, C.T. Yang). Parental investigation in a child with abnormal karyotype (M.B. Rodriguez Cardozo et al.). Paternity cases when the alleged father is missing (M.V. Colica et al.). Paternity determination of the deceased defendant in STR against RFLP analysis (R. Jacewicz et al.). Phenotype versus genotype reporting for DNA polymorphisms (C. Harrison et al.). Sequencing of FES, vWA and SE33 STRs in mother-child incompatibilities (M.J. Anjos et al.). Consensus profiles and databasing of casework samples amplified with 34 PCR cycles: an empirical approach (V. Castella et al.). STR and HLA analysis in paternity testing (Z. Grubic et al.). The evaluation of the IDENTIFILER system in paternity testing in Poland (R. Jacewicz et al.). The number of STR markers necessary to resolve relationships in deficiency paternity cases (S. Presciuttini et al.). DNA research in sexual offences: experience in Ecuador (F. Gonzalez-Andrade, D. Sanchez-Q, B. Martinez-Jarreta). Robust STR multiplexes for challenging casework samples (J.W. Schumm, R.S. Wingrove, E.K. Douglas). Collecting and processing buccal cell samples (J.W. Schumm et al.). Novel method of DNA extraction from bones assisted DNA identification of World Trade Center victims (T. Bille et al.). AB0 blood group genotyping of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms using SNaPshot (G. Ferri et al.). Capillary electrophoresis reveals DNA damage in aged forensic samples (P. Fattorini et al.). DNA profiling by different extraction methods (A. Barbaro et al.). DNA profiling on fabrics: an in-situ method (L.H. Seah et al.). DNA technology application procedures in forensic practice: social and ethical conditioning I (J.J. Gamero et al.). DNA technology application procedures in forensic practice: social and ethical conditioning II (J.J. Gamero et al.). Evaluation and comparison of deoxyribonucleic acid typing methods on human tissue fixed with different fixatives (E. Ginestra et al.). Extracting DNA from all forensic samples with KingFisher(R) technologies (T. Delefosse, R. Hienne). Forensic applications of the genomic matching technique: profiling the alpha block in the major histocompatibility complex (R. Laird et al.). Forensic toxicology: development of an SNP-assay for genotyping CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 variants (M. Verrecas et al.). Graphic SSCP analysis of ABO genotypes for forensic application (K. Honda et al.). HumTHO1 and blood pressure. An obstacle for forensic applications? (M. Klintschar et al.). Cytochrome b for identification of animal species in processed food (M.M. de Pancorbo et al.). Identification of rhino from 'medicinal' powders and sculptures (A. Linacre et al.). Features of expression of iNOS mRNA in postmortem brain (V. Kozhemyako et al.). Molecular evaluation of victims of sudden death: a promising approach for excluding criminal responsibility (E. Polisecki et al.). Multiplex PCR with confronting two-pair primers for Se genotyping (Y. Itoh et al.). PCR-based diagnosis of adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in paraffin-embedded heart tissue (R. Dettmeyer et al.). Selective detection of parental alleles in imprinted gene,H19 (N. Nakayashiki et al.). STR typing of fixed human tissue: formalin vs. an alcohol-based method (S. Gino et al.). Strategies to improve the estimation of donor chimerism (D. Syndercombe Court et al.). Surprising stability of DNA in stains at extreme humidity and temperature (S. Lund, J. Dissing). Three points detection of short fragments derived from the amelogenin gene for gender determination-new possibilities for the capillary electrophoresis system (M. Zoledziewska et al.). Typing of teeth with two different amplification systems (N. Cerri et al.). Uniparentally inherited genetic markers as tools for ethnic and geographical origin detection of forensic samples (A. Sala et al.). EasyDNA: user-friendly paternity and kinship testing programs (W.K. Fung, C.T. Yang, W. Guo). Validation of forensic DNA analysis from bloodstains treated by presumptive test reagents (A. Barbaro et al.). The risk of missing one allele with very low DNA quantities using PCR (R. Kobayashi et al.). Author index. Keyword index.