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This acclaimed textbook is the most comprehensive available in the field of forest ecology. Designed for advanced students of forest science, ecology, and environmental studies, it is also an essential reference for forest ecologists, foresters, and land managers. The authors provide an inclusive survey of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests with an emphasis on ecological concepts across scales that range from global to landscape to microscopic. Situating forests in the context of larger landscapes, they reveal the complex patterns and processes observed in tree-dominated habitats. The updated and expanded second edition covers * Conservation* Ecosystem services * Climate change* Vegetation classification* Disturbance* Species interactions* Self-thinning* Genetics* Soil influences* Productivity* Biogeochemical cycling* Mineralization* Effects of herbivory* Ecosystem stability In this revised edition, Perry has added leading scientists Oren and Hart to the authorship of this large volume, the most comprehensive book on forest ecosystem ecology so far... The work is easily readable and very exciting... This well-written volume is a must read for graduate students, ecologists, and managers in forestry, ecosystem ecology, and forest management. Choice 2009

Forest Ecosystems

Preface

1. Introduction

1.1. Why Study Ecosystems?

1.2. State of the World's Forests

1.3. The Study of Nature: Balance and Flux

1.4. A Brief Overview of the Book

1.5. Summary

2. Basic Terminology and Concepts

2.1. Some Basic Concepts

2.2. The Subdisciplines of Ecology

2.3. The Nature of Systems

2.4. Summary

3. Forests as Part of the Global Ecosystem

3.1. A Brief Look at the Global Ecosystem

3.2. Ecosystem Services Provided by Forests

3.3. Forests and Human Health

3.4. Summary

4. Major Forest Types and Their Climatic Controls

4.1. The Influence of Climate on Forest Type

4.2. Latitudinal Gradients in Forest Characteristics

4.3. How Will Global Climate Change Affect the Distribution of Forests?

4.4. Summary

5. Local Variation in Community Type: The Landscape Mosaic

5.1. A Case History

5.2. Topoedaphic Influences on Vegetation Patterns

5.3. The Emergent Landscape: Integration of Topography, Soils, and Disturbance

5.4. Vegetation Classification

5.5. Summary

6. Change in Time: An Overview

6.1. Earth Music

6.2. Summary

7. Disturbance in Forest Ecosystems

7.1. The Complex Nature of Disturbance

7.2. Fire

7.3. Wind

7.4. Tectonic Activity

7.5. Flooding

7.6. Invasive Species

7.7. Summary

8. Patterns and Mechanisms of Succession

8.1. Historical Notes

8.2. Compositional and Structural Change during Succession

8.3. Mechanisms of Succession

8.4. Ecosystem Changes during Succession

8.5. The Emergent Landscape Revisited

8.6. Summary

9. The Structure of Local Ecosystems

9.1. Forest Structure

9.2. Habitat and Niche

9.3. Food Webs: Pathways of Energy Flow within Ecosystems

9.4. Niche Overlap and Diversification

9.5. The Tradeoff between Dominance and Diversity

9.6. Scales of Diversity

9.7. Summary

10. How Biodiversity Is Created and Maintained

10.1. Forces That Generate and Maintain Diversity within Communities

10.2. The Variation of Species Richness amongEnvironments

10.3. Relationships between Forest Structure and the Diversity of Animals and Microbes

10.4. Forces Producing Diversity in Trees and Other Forest Plants

10.5. Summary

11. The Biological Web: Interactions among Species

11.1. The Structure of Relationships within Communities

11.2. Interactions between Two Species: Basic Concepts

11.3. Mutualisms

11.4. Competition

11.5. Higher-Order Interactions

11.6. Summary

12. Size-Density Relationships in Forests over Time and across Space

12.1. Self-Thinning: An Orderly Process

12.2. Size-Density Relationships in Forests: The Spatial Dimension

12.3. Summary

13. Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects of Species Interactions

13.1. The Role of Biotic Interactions in Evolution

13.2. Community and Ecosystem Genetics

13.3. The Selection of Cooperation within Groups

13.4. Summary

14. Soil: The Fundamental Resource

14.1. What Is Soil?

14.2. The Soil Profile

14.3. Physical Properties of Soils

14.4. Chemical Properties of Soils

14.5. Biological Properties of Soils

14.6. Soil Development

14.7. Soil Classification

14.8. Summary

15. Primary Productivity

15.1. Light Capture and Gas Exchange in Canopies

15.2. Respiration by Trees and Ecosystems

15.3. Net Primary Productivity

15.4. Carbon Allocation in Different Environments

15.5. The Limiting Factors of the Environment

15.6. Trees Are Not Prisoners of the Environment

15.7. Productivity in the Twenty-first Century

15.8. Summary

16. Forest Nutrition

16.1. The Essential Nutrients and Their Physiological Roles

16.2. Nutrient Requirements and Limitations

16.3. Diagnosing Nutrient Deficiencies

16.4. The Concept of Relative Addition Rate

16.5. Summary

17. Biogeochemical Cycling: Nutrient Inputs to and Losses from Local Ecosystems

17.1. An Overview of Nutrient Inputs to Local Ecosystems

17.2. Atmospheric Inputs

17.3. Inputs from Weathering of Primary Minerals

17.4. Biological Nitrogen Fixation

17.5. Nutrient Losses from Undisturbed Forests

17.6. Nutrient Losses from Disturbed Forests

17.7. Summary

18. Biogeochemical Cycling: The Intrasystem Cycle

18.1. Overview of the Intrasystem Nutrient Cycle

18.2. The Contribution of Nutrient Cycling to Primary Productivity

18.3. Detritus

18.4. The Intratree Nutrient Cycle

18.5. Throughfall and Stem Flow

18.6. Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling: Some Basic Concepts

18.7. Broad Patterns of Decomposition: The k Value

18.8. Factors Controlling the Rate of Decomposition

18.9. Effects of Food-Chain Interactions on Decomposition, Immobilization, and Mineralization

18.10. Biodiversity Affects Decomposition

18.11. A Closer Look at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Cycles

18.12. Plant Uptake

18.13. Nutrient Cycling through Succession

18.14. Global Change and Nutrient Cycling

18.15. Summary

19. Herbivores in Forest Ecosystems

19.1. Effects of Herbivory on Primary Productivity

19.2. Factors Controlling Herbivores

19.3. Coevolutionary Balance in Forests

19.4. Summary

20. Ecosystem Stability I: Introduction and Case Studies

20.1. Stability of What?

20.2. Resistance, Resilience, Robustness

20.3. Pollution

20.4. Degrading Forests through Mismanagement

20.5. Loss of Bioregulation: Breaking the Links between Plants and Soils

20.6. Loss of Bioregulation: Breaking the Top-Down Links

20.7. Balls, Dancers, and Dances

20.8. Summary

21. Ecosystem Stability II: The Role of Biodiversity

21.1. May's Paradox

21.2. Intensive Forest Management Simplifies Natural Ecosystems

21.3. Does Biodiversity Stabilize Ecosystems? Yes, But . . .

21.4. Understanding Stabilization Requires Understanding Structure-Function Interactions

21.5. Summary

22. Ecosystem Stability III: Conserving Species

22.1. Conserving Species Means Protecting Habitat

22.2. What Kind of Habitat? A Matter of Balance

22.3. Fine Filters, Coarse Filters, and Pluralism

22.4. Viable Populations

22.5. Landscape Patterns: Fragmentation, Variegation, and Permeation

22.6. Summary

23. The Future

23.1. The Implications of Global Warming

23.2. Maintaining Biological Diversity in Managed Forests

23.3. Coda: The New and the Renewed

23.4. Summary

Bibliography

Index