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Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare is an invaluable resource for those who carry out qualitative research in the healthcare arena. It is intended to assist:* Professionals and academics in the healthcare field who undertake or teach research in clinical or educational settings;* Postgraduates who are undertaking qualitative research and want to revise qualitative research approaches and procedures before going on to more specialist texts; and* Undergraduates in their last year who wish to learn about qualitative perspectives or carry out a project using these approaches.Fully updated from the earlier editions by Holloway and Wheeler, it reflects recent developments in nursing research. This new edition provides clear explanations of abstract ideas in qualitative research as well as practical procedures. Structured into four sections, the book looks at the initial stages, methods of data collection, qualitative approaches and analysis of collected data. It also contains a chapter on writing up and publishing qualitative research.With applied and practical examples throughout, Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare is essential reading for those who are looking for a comprehensive introduction to qualitative research.

Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare

Preface, xiAbout the Authors, xiiiAcknowledgements, xvPart One: Introduction to Qualitative Research: Starting Out1 The Main Features and Uses of Qualitative Research, 3What is qualitative research?, 3The characteristics of qualitative research, 3The place of theory in qualitative research, 10The use of qualitative research in healthcare, 12Choosing an approach for health research, 14Problematic issues in qualitative research, 15Conclusion, 17Summary, 18References, 18Further Reading, 202 The Paradigm Debate: The Place of Qualitative Research, 21Theoretical frameworks and ontological position, 21The paradigm debate, 23Conflicting or complementary perspectives?, 27Final comment, 29References, 29Further Reading, 303 Initial Steps in the Research Process, 31Selecting and formulating the research question, 31The literature review, 36Writing a research proposal, 39Access and entry to the setting, 45Summary, 48References, 48Further Reading, 494 Ethical Issues, 51The basic ethical framework for research, 52Ethics in qualitative research, 55Researching one's peers, 62The research relationship, 62Research in the researcher's workplace, 64The role of research ethics committees, 65Summary, 69References, 69Further Reading, 715 Supervision of Qualitative Research, 73The responsibilities of supervisor and student, 74Writing and relationships, 76Practical aspects of supervision, 77Single or joint supervision, 79Problems with supervision, 80Summary, 82References, 83Further Reading, 83Part Two: Data Collection and Sampling6 Interviewing, 87Interviews as sources of data, 87The interview process, 88Types of interview, 89Probing, prompting and summarising, 93The social context of the interview, 94Unexpected outcomes: qualitative interviewing and therapy, 95Length and timing of interviews, 95Recording interview data, 96The interviewer-participant relationship, 98Problematic issues and challenges in interviewing, 99Interviewing through electronic media, 100Ethical issues in interviewing, 103Strengths and weaknesses of interviewing, 103Summary, 105References, 105Further Reading, 1067 Participant Observation and Documents as Sources of Data, 107Participant observation, 107The origins of participant observation, 108Immersion in culture and setting, 108Documentary sources of data, 118Images as sources of data, 121Summary, 122References, 122Further Reading, 1238 Focus Groups as Qualitative Research, 125What is a focus group?, 125The origin and purpose of focus groups, 127Sample size and composition, 128Conducting focus group interviews, 131Analysing and reporting focus group data, 133Advantages and limitations of focus groups, 135Critical comments on focus group interviews in healthcare, 136Summary, 137References, 137Further Reading, 1399 Sampling Strategies, 141Sampling decisions, 141Purposeful (or purposive) sampling, 143A variety of sampling types, 145Giving a label to the participants, 152Summary, 153References, 154Further Reading, 155Part Three: Approaches in Qualitative Research10 Ethnography, 159The development of ethnography, 160Ethnographic methods, 162Ethnography in healthcare, 163The main features of ethnography, 165Fieldwork, 169Doing and writing ethnography, 172Pitfalls and problems, 175Summary, 175References, 176Further Reading, 17711 Grounded Theory, 179History and origin, 179The main features of grounded theory, 181Data collection, theoretical sampling and analysis, 182Pitfalls and problems, 191Glaser's critique and further development, 192Constructivist grounded theory, 194Which approach for the health researcher?, 195Summary, 195References, 196Further Reading, 19712 Narrative Inquiry, 199The nature of narrative and story, 199Narrative research, 200Illness narratives, 205Narrative interviewing, 208Narrative analysis, 210Problematic issues, 213Conclusion, 214Summary, 215References, 215Further Reading, 21713 Phenomenology, 219Intentionality and the early stages of phenomenology, 220Schools of phenomenology, 225The phenomenological research process: doing phenomenology, 226Phenomenology and health research, 229Choice of approach: descriptive or interpretive phenomenology, 230Procedures for data collection and analysis, 232Summary, 235References, 235Further Reading, 23814 Action Research, 239The origins of action research, 240Action research in healthcare, 242The main features of action research, 243Practical steps, 246Trustworthiness in AR, 247Problems and critique, 248Summary, 250References, 250Further Reading, 25215 Additional Approaches, 253Case Study Research (CSR), 253Overview, 253Features and purpose of case study research, 254Conversation analysis, 256Critical incident technique, 259Discourse analysis, 261Performative social science, 265Summary, 268References, 26816 Mixing Methods, 273The nature of mixed methods studies, 273Doing mixed methods research, 275Types of mixed methods research, 275The place and purpose of the literature, 279Triangulation, 280Critique of MMR, 280Conclusion, 281Summary, 281References, 282Further Reading, 283Part Four: Data Analysis and Completion17 Data Analysis: Procedures, Practices and Use of Computers, 287Coding and categorising, 292Problems of QDA, 294Computer-aided analysis of qualitative data, 295Summary, 301References, 301Further Reading, 30218 Establishing Quality: Trustworthiness and Validity, 303Quality, 303An alternative perspective: trustworthiness, 309Strategies to ensure trustworthiness, 310Quality and creativity, 316Summary, 317References, 317Further Reading, 31919 Writing up Qualitative Research, 321The research account, 321Use of the first person, 322The format of the report, 323Introduction, 327Critical assessment and evaluation, 334Guide to research evaluation, 334Publishing and presenting the research, 335Summary, 338References, 339Further Reading, 340Final Note, 341Glossary, 343Index, 349