A comprehensive guide to 5G technology, applications and potential for the future
5G brings new technology solutions to the 5G mobile networks including new spectrum options, new antenna structures, new physical layer and protocols designs and new network architectures. 5G Technology: 3GPP New Radio is a comprehensive resource that offers explanations of 5G specifications, performance evaluations, aspects of device design, practical deployment considerations and illustrative examples from field experiences.
With contributions from a panel of international experts on the topic, the book presents the main new technology components in 5G and describes the physical layer, radio protocols and network performance. The authors review the deployment aspects such as site density and transport network and explore the 5G performance aspects including data rates and coverage and latency. The book also contains illustrative examples of practical field measurement. In addition, the book includes the most recent developments in 4G LTE evolution and offers an outlook for the future of the evolution of 5G. This important book:
* Offers an introduction to 5G technology and its applications
* Contains contributions from international experts on the topic
* Reviews the main technology components in 5G
* Includes information on the optimisation of the Internet of things
* Presents illustrative examples of practical field measurements
Written for students and scientists interested in 5G technology, 5G Technology: 3GPP New Radio provides a clear understanding of the underlying 5G technology that promotes the opportunity to take full benefit of new capabilities.
5G Technology: 3GPP New Radio
Table of contents
List of Contributors xvii
Foreword xix
Preface xxi
Acknowledgment xxiii
1 Introduction 1
Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, Takehiro Nakamura, and Tommi Uitto
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 5G Targets 3
1.3 5G Technology Components 3
1.4 5G Spectrum 4
1.5 5G Capabilities 5
1.6 5G Capacity Boost 7
1.7 5G Standardization and Schedule 8
1.8 5G Use Cases 9
1.9 Evolution Path from LTE to 5G 10
1.10 Mobile Data Traffic Growth 10
1.11 Summary 11
Reference 11
2 5G Targets and Standardization 13
Hiroyuki Atarashi, Mikio Iwamura, Satoshi Nagata, Takehiro Nakamura, and Antti Toskala
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 ITU 13
2.2.1 IMT Vision for 2020 and Beyond 14
2.2.2 Standardization of IMT-2020 Radio Interface Technologies 15
2.3 NGMN 17
2.3.1 NGMN 5G Use Cases 18
2.3.2 NGMN 5G Requirements 19
2.3.3 NGMN 5G Architecture Design Principles 20
2.3.4 Spectrum, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), and Further Recommendations by NGMN 21
2.4 3GPP Schedule and Phasing 22
References 25
3 Technology Components 27
Harri Holma
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Spectrum Utilization 27
3.2.1 Frequency Bands 27
3.2.2 Bandwidth Options 29
3.2.3 Spectrum Occupancy 29
3.2.4 Control Channel Flexibility 30
3.2.5 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing 31
3.3 Beamforming 31
3.4 Flexible Physical Layer and Protocols 33
3.4.1 Flexible Numerology 33
3.4.2 Short Transmission Time and Mini-slot 34
3.4.3 Self-Contained Subframe 35
3.4.4 Asynchronous HARQ 36
3.4.5 Lean Carrier 37
3.4.6 Adaptive Reference Signals 38
3.4.7 Adaptive UE Specific Bandwidth 38
3.4.8 Distributed MIMO 39
3.4.9 Waveforms 39
3.4.10 Channel Coding 41
3.4.11 Pipeline Processing and Front-Loaded Reference Signals 41
3.4.12 Connected Inactive State 41
3.4.13 Grant-Free Access 43
3.4.14 Cell Radius of 300 km 43
3.5 Network Slicing 44
3.6 Dual Connectivity with LTE 44
3.7 Radio Cloud and Edge Computing 46
3.8 Summary 47
Reference 47
4 Spectrum 49
Harri Holma and Takehiro Nakamura
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Millimeter Wave Spectrum Above 20 GHz 52
4.3 Mid-Band Spectrum at 3.3-5.0 GHz and at 2.6 GHz 55
4.4 Low-Band Spectrum Below 3 GHz 58
4.5 Unlicensed Band 59
4.6 Shared Band 62
4.7 3GPP Frequency Variants 64
4.8 Summary 64
References 64
5 5G Architecture 67
Antti Toskala and Miikka Poikselkä
5.1 Introduction 67
5.2 5G Architecture Options 67
5.3 5G Core Network Architecture 70
5.3.1 Access and Mobility Management Function 72
5.3.2 Session Management Function 73
5.3.3 User Plane Function 73
5.3.4 Data Storage Architecture 73
5.3.5 Policy Control Function 73
5.3.6 Network Exposure Function 74
5.3.7 Network Repository Function 74
5.3.8 Network Slice Selection 74
5.3.9 Non-3GPP Interworking Function 74
5.3.10 Auxiliary 5G Core Functions 74
5.4 5G RAN Architecture 75
5.4.1 NG-Interface 78
5.4.2 Xn-Interface 79
5.4.3 E1-Interface 80
5.4.4 F1-Interface 80
5.5 Network Slicing 81
5.5.1 Interworking with LTE 82
5.6 Summary 85
References 86
6 5G Physical Layer 87
Mihai Enescu, Keeth Jayasinghe, Karri Ranta-Aho, Karol Schober, and Antti Toskala
6.1 Introduction 87
6.2 5G Multiple Access Principle 88
6.3 Physical Channels and Signals 92
6.4 Basic Structures for 5G Frame Structure 95
6.5 5G Channel Structures and Beamforming Basics 98
6.6 Random Access 100
6.7 Downlink User Data Transmission 101
6.8 Uplink User Data Transmission 103
6.9 Uplink Signaling Transmission 105
6.10 Downlink Signaling Transmission 108
6.11 Physical Layer Procedures 111
6.11.1 HARQ Procedure 112
6.11.2 Uplink Power Control 112
6.11.3 Timing Advance 113
6.12 5G MIMO and Beamforming Operation 113
6.12.1 Downlink MIMO Transmission Schemes 113
6.12.2 Beam Management Framework 114
6.12.2.1 Initial Beam Acquisition 116
6.12.2.2 Beam Measurement and Reporting 116
6.12.2.3 Beam Indication: QCL and Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) 117
6.12.2.4 Beam Recovery 120
6.12.3 CSI Framework 122
6.12.3.1 Reporting Settings 122
6.12.3.2 Resource Settings 122
6.12.3.3 Reporting Configurations 123
6.12.3.4 Report Quantity Configurations 125
6.12.4 CSI Components 126
6.12.4.1 Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) 126
6.12.4.2 Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) 126
6.12.4.3 Resource Indicators: CRI, SSBRI, RI, LI 132