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Immersive Sound: The Art and Science of Binaural and Multi-Channel Audio provides a comprehensive guide to multi-channel sound. With contributions from leading recording engineers, researchers, and industry experts, Immersive Sound includes an in-depth description of the physics and psychoacoustics of spatial audio as well as practical applications. Chapters include the history of 3D sound, binaural reproduction over headphones and loudspeakers, stereo, surround sound, height channels, object-based audio, soundfield (ambisonics), wavefield synthesis, and multi-channel mixing techniques. Knowledge of the development, theory, and practice of spatial and multi-channel sound is essential to those advancing the research and applications in the rapidly evolving fields of 3D sound recording, augmented and virtual reality, gaming, film sound, music production, and post-production. "This book is comprehensive and up-to-date, and I plan to keep my copy at the top of my reading list." - Todd Welti, Journal of the Audio Engineering Society

Immersive Sound: The Art and Science of Binaural and Multi-Channel Audio

Contributors





Foreword





WIESLAW WOSZCZYK





Acknowledgements

















Introduction





AGNIESZKA ROGINSKA AND PAUL GELUSO











1 Perception of Spatial Sound





ELIZABETH M. WENZEL, DURAND R. BEGAULT, AND MARTINE GODFROY-COOPER









Auditory Physiology

Human Sound Localization

Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) and Virtual Acoustics

Neural Plasticity in Sound Localization

Distance and Environmental Context Perception

Conclusion











2 History of 3D Sound





BRAXTON BOREN









Introduction

Prehistory

Ancient History

Space and Polyphony

Spatial Separation in the Renaissance

Spatial Innovations in Acoustic Music

3D Sound Technology

Technology and Spatial Music

Conclusions and Thoughts for the Future





3 Stereo





PAUL GELUSO









Stereo Systems

Creating a Stereo Image

Stereo Enhancement

Summary











4 Binaural Audio Through Headphones





AGNIESZKA ROGINSKA









Headphone Reproduction

Binaural Sound Capture

HRTF Measurement

Binaural Synthesis

Inside-the-Head Locatedness

Advanced HRTF Techniques

Quality Assessment

Binaural Reproduction Methods

Headphone Equalization and Calibration

Conclusions

Appendix: Near Field











5 Binaural Audio Through Loudspeakers





EDGAR CHOUEIRI









Introduction

The Fundamental XTC Problem

Constant-Parameter Regularization

Frequency-Dependent Regularization

The Analytical BACCH Filter

Individualized BACCH Filters

Conclusions

Appendix A Derivation of the Optimal XTC Filter

Appendix B: Numerical Verification











6 Surround Sound





FRANCIS RUMSEY









The Evolution of Surround Sound

Surround Sound Formats

Surround Sound Delivery and Coding

Surround Sound Monitoring

Surround Sound Recording Techniques

Perceptual Evaluation

Predictive Models of Surround Sound Quality











7 Height Channels





SUNGYOUNG KIM









Background

Fundamental Psychoacoustics of Height-Channel Perception

Multichannel Reproduction Systems With Height Channels

Recording With Height Channels

Conclusion











8 Object-Based Audio





NICOLAS TSINGOS









Introduction

Spatial Representation and Rendering of Audio Objects

Advanced Metadata and Applications of Object-Based Representations

Managing Complexity of Object-Based Content

Audio Object Coding

Capturing Audio Objects

Tradeoffs of Object-Based Representations

Object-Based Loudness Estimation and Control

Object-Based Program Interchange and Delivery

Conclusion











9 Sound Field





ROZENN NICOL









Introduction

Development of the Sound Field

Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA)

Sound Field Synthesis

Sound Field Formats

Conclusion

Appendix A: Mathematics and Physics of Sound Field

Appendix B: Mathematical Derivation of W, X, Y, Z

Appendix C: The Optimal Number of Loudspeakers





10 Wave Field Synthesis





THOMAS SPORER, KARLHEINZ BRANDENBURG, SANDRA BRIX, AND CHRISTOPH





SLADECZEK









Motivation and History

Separation of Sound Objects and Room

WFS Reproduction: Challenges and Solutions

WFS With Elevation

Audio Metadata and WFS

Applications Based on WFS and Hybrid Schemes

WFS and Object-Based Sound Production











11 Applications of Extended Multichannel Techniques





BRETT LEONARD









Source Panning and Spreading

An Immersive Overhaul for Preexisting Content

Considerations in Mixing for Film and Games

Envelopment

Musings on Immersive Mixing











Index