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System architecture is the study of early decision making in complex systems. This text teaches how to capture experience and analysis about early system decisions, and how to choose architectures that meet stakeholder needs, integrate easily, and evolve flexibly. With case studies written by leading practitioners, from hybrid cars to communications networks to aircraft, this text showcases the science and art of system architecture.

System Architecture, Global Edition

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

PART 1: SYSTEM THINKING

1. Introduction to System Architecture

Architecture of Complex Systems

The Advantages of Good Architecture

Learning Objectives

Organization of the Text

   References

2. System Thinking

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Systems and Emergence

2.3 Task 1: Identify the System, Its Form, and Its Function

2.4 Task 2: Identify Entities of a System, Their Form, and Their Function

2.5 Task 3: Identify the Relationships among the Entities

2.6 Task 4: Emergence

2.7 Summary

   References

3. Thinking about Complex Systems

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Complexity in Systems

3.3 Decomposition of Systems

3.4 Special Logical Relationships

3.5 Reasoning through Complex Systems

3.6 Architecture Representation Tools: SysML and OPM

3.7 Summary

   References

PART 2: ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

4. Form

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Form in Architecture

4.3 Analysis of Form in Architecture

4.4 Analysis of Formal Relationships in Architecture

4.5 Formal Context

4.6 Form in Software Systems

4.7 Summary

   References

5. Function

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Function in Architecture

5.3 Analysis of External Function and Value

5.4 Analysis of Internal Function

5.5 Analysis of Functional Interactions and Functional Architecture

5.6 Secondary Value-Related External and Internal Functions

5.7 Summary

   References

6. System Architecture

6.1 Introduction

6.2 System Architecture: Form and Function

6.3 Non-idealities, Supporting Layers, and Interfaces in System Architecture

6.4 Operational Behavior

6.5 Reasoning about Architecture Using Representations

6.6 Summary

   References

7. Solution-Neutral Function and Concepts

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Identifying the Solution-Neutral Function

7.3 Concept

7.4 Integrated Concepts

7.5 Concepts of Operations and Services

7.6 Summary

   References

8. From Concept to Architecture

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Developing the Level 1 Architecture

8.3 Developing the Level 2 Architecture

8.4 Home Data Network Architecture at Level

8.5 Modularizing the System at Level

8.6 Summary

   References

PART 3: CREATING SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

9. The Role of the Architect

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Ambiguity and the Role of the Architect

9.3 The Product Development Process

9.4 Summary

   References

10. Upstream and Downstream Influences on System Architecture

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Upstream Influence: Corporate Strategy

10.3 Upstream Influence: Marketing

10.4 U pstream Influence: Regulation and Pseudo-Regulatory Influences

10.5 Upstream Influence: Technology Infusion

10.6 Downstream Influence: Implementation—Coding, Manufacturing, and Supply Chain Management

10.7 Downstream Influence: Operations

10.8 Downstream Influence: Design for X

10.9 Downstream Influence: Product and System Evolution, and Product Families

10.10 The Product Case: Architecture Business Case Decision (ABCD)

10.11 Summary

   References

11. Translating Needs into Goals

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Identifying Beneficiaries and Stakeholders

11.3 Characterizing Needs

11.4 Interpreting Needs as Goals

11.5