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A veritable mountain of literature has been published showing the causal relationship of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in human disease conditions, and there has been an explosion in the understanding of oxidative stress, the protective role of antioxidants and molecular events involved in the regulation of transcription, editing, and translation of key events leading to disease processes. Strategies need to be developed for prevention of diseases by allowing scientists and clinicians to obtain information on new and emerging advances. The molecular mechanisms involved in several diseases including Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis, and Parkinson's disease, as well as disorders of the eye, skin, cardiac, and pulmonary systems are discussed in this volume, along with scientific evidence supporting the value of dietary supplementation with antioxidants in the prevention of cellular damage leading to chronic disease. Special in vivo techniques are also discussed at length, along with the role of molecular studies in human risk assessment.

Oxygen/Nitrogen Radicals: Cell Injury and Disease

ROS/RNS in Cell Injury and Disease. Preface. 1. Cyclic oxidation and reduction of protein methionine residues in an important antioxidant mechanism; E.R. Stadtman, et al. 2. Signal transduction by nitric oxide in cellular stress responses; B. Demple. 3. Effects of antioxidants against atherosclerosis; E. Niki, N. Noguchi. 4. Molecular pathology of dityrosine cross-links in proteins: Structural and functional analysis of four proteins; D. Balasubramanian, R. Kanwar. 5. The role of nitric oxide in lung innate immunity: Modulation by surfactant protein-A; P. O'Reilly, et al. ROS/RNS in Cell Signaling. 6. Redox signaling; H.J. Forman, et al. 7. Control of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS formation by reversible phosphorylation of cytochrome c oxidase; I. Lee, et al. 8. Molecular mechanisms of nitrogen dioxide induced epithelial injury in the lung; R.L. Persinger, et al. 9. Differential role of hydrogen peroxide in UV-induced signal transduction; M. Ding, et al. 10. Upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B in alveolar macrophages following ozone inhalation. Role of NF- B and STAT-1 in ozone-induced nitric oxide production and toxicity; D.L. Laskin, et al. 11. Phospholipase D/phosphatidic acid signal transduction: Role and physiological significance in lung; R. Cummings, et al. ROS/RNS in Cell Injury and Apoptosis. 12. Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in cell injury and proliferation by environmental particulates; M.E. Ramos-Nino, et al. 13. Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis: Implications in cardiotoxicity; B. Kalyanaraman, et al. 14. Depletion of Bcl-2 by an antisense oligonucleotide induces oxidation and externalization of phosphatidylserine at early stages of apoptosis in NCI-H226 lung carcinoma cells; P.P. Koty, et al. 15. Interactions of copper with glycated proteins: Possible involvement in the etiology of diabetic neuropathy; J.W. Eaton, M. Qian. 16. Mechanisms of neutrophil-induced DNA damage in respiratory tract epithelial cells; A.M. Knaapen, et al. 17. Asbestos-induced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by iron-derived free radicals; D. Kamp, et al. 18. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in asbestos-induced NFAT activation; J. Li, et al. 19. NF-&kgr;B, a pivotal transcription factor in silica-induced diseases; C. Chen, X. Shi. ROS/RNS and Gene Expression in Cancer and Fibroproliferative Diseases. 20. Effect of inhaled crystalline silica in a rat model: Time course of pulmonary reactions; V. Castranova, et al. 21. The role of AP-1, NF-&kgr;B and ROS/NOS in skin carcinogenesis: The JB6 model is predictive; A. Dhar, et al. 22. Reactive oxygen species in choline deficiency-induced carcinogenesis and nitrone inhibition; R.A. Floyd, et al. 23. Tumor necrosis factor-&agr; gene promotor polymorphism in coal workers pneumoconiosis; K.A. Kim, et al. 24. Nitric oxide decreases the sensitivity of pulmonary endothelial cells to LPS-induced apoptosis in a zinc-dependent fashion; Z-L Tang, et al. 25. Cytokine polymorphisms in silicosis and other pneumoconiosis; B. Yucesoy, et al. ROS/RNS in Inflammation and