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Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R

Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R

Authors
Publisher Taylor & Francis Inc
Year 12/06/2014
Pages 606
Version hardback
Readership level General/trade
Language English
ISBN 9781466569997
Categories Mathematical & statistical software
$108.65 (with VAT)
483.00 PLN / €103.55 / £89.90
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Book description

Learn How to Program Stochastic Models





Highly recommended, the best-selling first edition of Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R was lauded as an excellent, easy-to-read introduction with extensive examples and exercises. This second edition continues to introduce scientific programming and stochastic modelling in a clear, practical, and thorough way. Readers learn programming by experimenting with the provided R code and data.





The book's four parts teach:








Core knowledge of R and programming concepts
How to think about mathematics from a numerical point of view, including the application of these concepts to root finding, numerical integration, and optimisation
Essentials of probability, random variables, and expectation required to understand simulation
Stochastic modelling and simulation, including random number generation and Monte Carlo integration








In a new chapter on systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), the authors cover the Euler, midpoint, and fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK4) schemes for solving systems of first-order ODEs. They compare the numerical efficiency of the different schemes experimentally and show how to improve the RK4 scheme by using an adaptive step size.





Another new chapter focuses on both discrete- and continuous-time Markov chains. It describes transition and rate matrices, classification of states, limiting behaviour, Kolmogorov forward and backward equations, finite absorbing chains, and expected hitting times. It also presents methods for simulating discrete- and continuous-time chains as well as techniques for defining the state space, including lumping states and supplementary variables.





Building readers' statistical intuition, Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R, Second Edition shows how to turn algorithms into code. It is designed for those who want to make tools, not just use them. The code and data are available for download from CRAN. "The Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R (2nd Edition) is a useful and well organized book. The writing is orderly, logical, consistent, intriguing, and engaging. We have read many programming and simulation oriented books that vary in context, scope, and difficulty level. This one turned out to be one of our favorites. It stands out in the sense that a decent dose of theory is given in addition to the programming related aspects. It covers an immense amount of material, yet manages to do so both thoroughly and clearly."
~Hakan Demirtas, Rachel Nordgren, University of Illinois at Chicago


"Computation has become so central to the field of statistics that any practicing statistician must have a basic understanding of scientific programming and stochastic modeling. Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R provides an excellent entry-level text on the subject. This is a well written and well-designed book that will appeal to a wide readership and prove useful for several different types of courses. It provides a very good introduction to programming using the R language that has become widely used in statistical education and practice. It also introduces the fundamental tools needed for stochastic modeling: numerical analysis, probability, and simulation.
~Christopher H. Schmid, Journal of the American Statistical Association


Praise for the First Edition:



"Overall, the authors have produced a highly readable text. As prerequisites do not go beyond first-year calculus, the book should appeal to a wide audience; it should also be eminently suitable for self-study. On a somewhat larger scale, it may help to further establish R as a kind of Swiss Army knife for computational science. I strongly recommend it."
~C. Kleiber, Universitat Basel, Basel, Switzerland, in Statistical Papers, March 2012


"This book is a good resource for someone who wants to learn R and use R for statistical computing and graphics. It will also serve well as a textbook or a reference book for students in a course related to computational statistics."
~Hon Keung Tony Ng, Technometrics, May 2011


"... a very coherent and useful account of its chosen subject matter. ... The programming section ... is more comprehensive than Braun & Murdoch (2007), but more accessible than Venables & Ripley (2000). ... The book deserves a place on university library shelves ... One very useful feature of the book is that nearly every chapter has a set of exercises. There are also plenty of well-chosen examples throughout the book that are used to explain the material. I also appreciated the clear and attractive programming style of the R code presented in the book. I found very little in the way of typos or solecisms. ... I can strongly recommend the book for its intended audience. If I ever again have to teach our stochastic modelling course, I will undoubtedly use some of the exercises and examples from Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R."
~David Scott, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 2011


"It is not often that I think that a statistics text is one that most scientifc statisticians should have in their personal libraries. Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R is such a text. ... This text provides scientific researchers with a working knowledge of R for both reviewing and for engaging in the statistical evaluation of scientific data. ...It is particularly useful for understanding and developing modeling and simulation software. I highly recommend the text, finding it to be one of the most useful books I have read on the subject."
-Journal of Statistical Software, September 2010, Volume 36


"The authors have written an excellent introduction to scientific programming with R. Their clear prose, logical structure, well-documented code and realistic examples made the book a pleasure to read. One particularly useful feature is the chapter of cases studies at the end, which not only demonstrates complete analyses but also acts as a pedagogical tool to review and integrate material introduced throughout the book. ... I would strongly recommend this book for readers interested in using R for simulations, particularly for those new to scientific programming or R. It is also very student-friendly and would be suitable either as a course textbook or for self-study."
-Significance, September 2009


"I think that the techniques of scientific programming presented will soon enable the novice to apply statistical models to real-world problems. The writing style is easy to read and the book is suitable for private study. If you have never read a book on scientific programming and simulation, then I recommend that you start with this one."
-International Statistical Review, 2009

Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R

Table of contents

Table of Contents











Preface











How to use this book











Programming





Setting up





Installing R





Starting R





Working directory





Writing scripts





Help





Supporting material











R as a calculating environment





Arithmetic





Variables





Functions





Vectors





Missing data: NA





Expressions and assignments





Logical expressions





Matrices





The workspace





Exercises











Basic programming





Introduction





Branching with if





Looping with for





Looping with while





Vector-based programming





Program flow





Basic debugging





Good programming habits





Exercises











Input and output





Text





Input from a file





Input from the keyboard





Output to a file





Plotting





Exercises











Programming with functions





Functions





Arguments





Vector-based programming using functions





Recursive programming





Debugging functions





Exercises











Sophisticated data structures





Factors





Dataframes





Lists





Exercises











Better graphics





Introduction





Graphics parameters: par





Graphical augmentation





Mathematical typesetting





Permanence





Grouped graphs: lattice





Exercises











Pointers to further programming techniques





Packages





Frames and environments





Debugging again





Identifying bottlenecks





Object-oriented programming: S3





Object-oriented programming: S4





Manipulation of data





Compiled code





Further reading





Exercises











Numerical accuracy and program efficiency





Machine representation of numbers





Significant digits





Time





Loops versus vectors





Parallel processing





Memory





Caveat





Exercises











Root-finding





Introduction





Fixed-point iteration





The Newton-Raphson method





The secant method





The bisection method





Exercises











Numerical integration





Trapezoidal rule





Simpson's rule





Adaptive quadrature 210





11.4 Exercises 214











Optimisation





Newton's method for optimisation





The golden-section method





Multivariate optimisation





Steepest ascent





Newton's method in higher dimensions





Optimisation in R and the wider world





A curve-fitting example





Exercises











Systems of ordinary differential equations





Euler's method





Midpoint method





Fourth-order Runge-Kutta





Efficiency





Adaptive step size





Exercises











Probability





The probability axioms





Conditional probability





Independence





The Law of Total Probability





Bayes' theorem





Exercises





Random variables





Definition and distribution function





Discrete and continuous random variables





Empirical cdf's and histograms





Expectation and finite approximations





Transformations





Variance and standard deviation





The Weak Law of Large Numbers





Exercises











Discrete random variables





Discrete random variables in R





Bernoulli distribution





Binomial distribution





Geometric distribution





Negative binomial distribution





Poisson distribution





Exercises











Continuous random variables





Continuous random variables in R





Uniform distribution





Lifetime models: exponential and Weibull





The Poisson process and the gamma distribution





Sampling distributions: normal, 2, and t





Exercises











Parameter estimation





Point estimation





The Central Limit Theorem





Confidence intervals





Monte Carlo confidence intervals





Exercises























Markov chains





Introduction to discrete time chains





Basic formulae: discrete time





Classification of states





Limiting behaviour: discrete time





Finite absorbing chains





Introduction to continuous time chains





Rate matrix and associated equations





Limiting behaviour: continuous time





Defining the state space





Simulation





Estimation





Estimating the mean of the limiting distribution





Exercises











Simulation





Simulating iid uniform samples





Simulating discrete random variables





Inversion method for continuous rv





Rejection method for continuous rv





Simulating normals





Exercises











Monte Carlo integration





Hit-and-miss method





(Improved) Monte Carlo integration





Exercises











Variance reduction





Antithetic sampling





Importance sampling





Control variates





Exercises











Case studies





Introduction





Epidemics





Inventory





Seed dispersal











Student projects





The level of a dam





Runoff down a slope





Roulette





Buffon's needle and cross





The pipe spiders of Brunswick





Insurance risk





Squash





Stock prices





Conserving water





Glossary of R commands





Programs and functions developed in the text





Index

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