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The CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology sets the standard against which all other references of this nature are measured. As such, it is a major resource for both skilled professionals and novices to nanotechnology.


The book examines the design, application, and utilization of devices, techniques, and technologies critical to research at the atomic, molecular, and macromolecular levels ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers.


More than three dozen specific topics are examined, including nanomaterials, nanocatalysts, nanoceramics, nanocrystals, carbon nanotubes, drug delivery, nanopolymers, nanoparticles, nanocoatings, and nanomedicine. The material is presented in a concise manner and has been updated to reflect the latest applications and research findings.


Entries are organized alphabetically, making information easy to find. While coverage is comprehensive, each topic is presented concisely with a wealth of illustrative material and an accompanying eBook providing full-color figures and images.

CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology

Antimicrobial Activity: Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanomaterials

Manuel I. Azocar, Laura Tamayo, Esteban Vargas, Nelson Vejar, and Maritza Paez







Aquatic Species: Interaction of Nanoparticles with Aquatic Species

Hazeem and M. Bououdina







Arc Discharge: Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials for Energy Device Application

Yoshiyuki Suda, Hideto Tanoue, and Hirofumi Takikawa







Battery: Nanobattery by Atom Trapping and Bottom-Up Technique

P.P. Yupapin, C. Teeka, and Jalil Ali







Biomimetics: Biomimetics in Nanotechnology

Ille C. Gebeshuber and Manfred Drack







Bone Repair: Nanohydroxyapatite as a Bone Repair Material

Xiaoming Li, Rongrong Cui, and Yubo Fan







Boron Nanostructures: All-Boron Nanostructures

Levan Chkhartishvili







Boron Nanostructures: Boron Nitride Nanostructures

Levan Chkhartishvili







Catalysis: Nanocatalyst-Preparation, Characterization, and Their Application in Oil and Gas Processes

Hamidreza Aghabozorg, Sedigheh Sadegh Hassani, and Alimorad Rashidi







Catalysis: Nanoparticles and Catalysis

Sodeh Sadjadi







Catalysis: Molybdenum-Based Hybrid Nanocatalysts

Majid Masteri-Farahani and Narjes Tayyebi







Ceramics: Nanoceramics

A.C. Jayalekshmi and Chandra P. Sharma







Crystals: Structure and Microstructure of Nanocrystals Using the Debye Function Analysis

Antonietta Guagliardi, Antonio Cervellino, Ruggero Frison, Giuseppe Cernuto, and Norberto Masciocchi







Defects: Defects in Carbon Nanotubes

Moones Rahmandoust and Andreas OEchsner







Dendrimers: Dendrimers-DNA Nanoplexes

Hosam Gharib Abdelhady







Dielectrics: Optics of Dielectric Nanoobjects and Nanosystems

Valentin A. Milichko, Yuri N. Kulchin, and Vladimir P. Dzyuba







Drug Delivery: LyoCell (R) Technology-A Lipidic Drug Delivery System Based on Reverse Cubic and Hexagonal Phase Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles

David Anderson and Robert W. Lee







Encapsulation: Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes for Doxorubicin Encapsulation

Pavel Kopel, Iva Blazkova, Marketa Vaculovicova, Vojtech Adam, Tomas Eckschlager, Marie Stiborova, and Rene Kizek







Nanopolymers for Enzyme Immobilization Applications

S. Mohy Eldin







Filtration: Frontiers of the Engineering and Science of Nanofiltration-A Far-Reaching Review

Sukanchan Palit







Fullerenes: Donor-Acceptor Fullerene Complexes Based on Metal Porphyrins

Tatyana N. Lomova, Elena V. Motorina, and Michael V. Klyuev







Glass: Nanoglass

Dhriti Ranjan Saha and Dipankar Chakravorty







Graphene: Three-Dimensional Graphene-A Prospective Architecture for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Duc Anh Dinh, Kwun Nam Hui, and Kwan San Hui







Graphene: Nonreciprocity in Magnetically Biased Graphene at Microwave and Terahertz Frequencies

Dimitrios L. Sounas and Christophe Caloz







Graphene Oxide: Grafting Biomolecules onto Graphene Oxide Sheets

Claramaria Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Natalia Brizuela-Colmenares, P. Salas, Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova, and VIctor M. Castano







Greener Synthesis: Greener Aspects in the Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Aniruddha B. Patil and Bhalchandra M. Bhanage







Health Care: Nanomaterial Applications in Health-Care Diagnostics

Zeynep Altintas and Ibtisam E. Tothill







Hybrid Nanomaterials: Organic-Inorganic Hybrid and Biohybrid Nanomaterials

Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky, Pilar Aranda, and Margarita Darder







Hydrophylic Nanoparticles: Hydrophilic Polymer/Silica Hybrid Nanoparticles-An





Overview of a Novel Synthesis Strategy and Its Application in the Proton Exchange Membrane

Mahdi Abdollahi and Morteza Rouhani







Ignition: Ignition and Explosion Risks of Nanopowders

Hong-Chun Wu







Impedance Spectroscopy: Impedance Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials

Rainer Schmidt







Iron Oxide: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Javier Rivera De la Rosa, Carolina Solis Maldonado, and Marco Antonio Garza Navarro







Kelvin Probe: Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy as a Tool for the Characterization of Nanomaterials

Sedigheh Sadegh Hassani, Saeideh Tasharrofi, and Zahra Sobat







Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies: Recent Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for Biomolecule Analysis

Joohyung Lee, Md Enayet Razu, and Jungkyu (Jay) Kim







Laser Ablation: Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution-Based Production and Biofunctionalization of Nanostructures

Gregor P.C. Drummen and Reza Zamiri







Lithography: Nanofabrication with Nanosphere Lithography

Yun-Chorng (Jeff) Chang







Medical Applications: Potential Applications and Implications of Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine

Neha Sharma, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Savita Jandaik, and Sanjeev Kumar







Melanoma Prevention: Challenges and Progresses in Nanotechnology for Melanoma Prevention and Treatment

Catarina Oliveira Silva, Nuno Martinho, Natalia Aniceto, and Catarina Pinto Reis







Membranes: Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Wastewater Purification

Runcy Wilson, Saliney Thomas, Soney C. George, and Sabu Thomas







Metal Nanoparticles: Metallic Nanoparticles Used in Soil Remediation Procedures

Yoshiharu Mitoma, Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati, Tetsuji Okuda, and Cristian Simion







Metal Nanostructures: Size Effect on the Impact Responses of Metal Nanostructures

Zhen Chen, Shan Jiang, Yong Gan, Thomas D. Sewell, and Donald L. Thompson







Metal Oxides: Macromolecular Complexes MXn Polymer as a Solid-State Precursor of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanostructures

Carlos Diaz and Maria Luisa Valenzuela







Metal Oxides: Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing Applications

David G. Rickerby







Micelles: Micellar Nanoparticles

Robert W. Lee







Micelles: Reverse Micelles-Designer Nanoparticles for Investigative Catalysis

Nico Fischer, Theresa Feltes, and Michael Claeys







Microwaves: Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Rainer Schmidt, Jesus Prado Gonjal, and Emilio Moran







Nanoadsorbents: Nanoadsorbents for Water Protection

Luis angel Garza Rodriguez and Elsa Nadia Aguilera Gonzalez







Nanocarriers as Nanomedicine: A Promising Platform for Drug Delivery in Nanopharmaceuticals

Thakur Gurjeet Singh and Sonia Dhiman







Nanocoatings: Nanomaterials and Nanostructures Coatings Fabrication Using Detonation and Plasma Detonation Techniques

A.D. Pogrebnjak, S.N. Bratushka, O.V. Bondar, D.L. Alontseva, S.V. Plotnikov, and O.M. Ivasishin







Nanocoatings: Technology of Fabrication of Nanostructure (Nanocomposite) Coatings with High Physical and Mechanical Properties Using C-PVD

A.D. Pogrebnjak, O.V. Bondar, N.A. Azarenkov, V.M. Beresnev, O.V. Sobol, and N.K. Erdybaeva







Nanocomposites: Thermal Analysis and Functional Statistics on Nanocomposite Characterization

S. Naya, R. Artiaga, M. Francisco-Fernandez, J. Tarrio-Saavedra, J. Lopez-Beceiro, and Carlos Gracia-Fernandez







Nanodelivery Vehicles: Milk Proteins as Nanodelivery Vehicles for Nutraceuticals and Drugs

Mohamed H. Abd El-Salam and Safinaz El-Shibiny







Nanofactories: Microbes as Nanofactories

Ankit Malhotra and Anirban Roy Choudhury







Nanodiamond: Growth and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films on Different Substrates

A.F. Azevedo, L.I. Medeiros, C.R.B. Miranda, N.A. Braga, A.F. Beloto, M.R. Baldan, and N.G. Ferreira







Nanoemulsions: Biobased Oil Nanoemulsion Preparation, Characterization, and Application

Vijayalakshmi Ghosh, Saranya Sugumar, Amitava Mukherjee, and Natarajan Chandrasekaran







Nanoemulsion-Based Systems for Food Applications

Helder Daniel Silva, Miguel Angelo Cerqueira, and Antonio Augusto Vicente







Nanofluids: Basic Principles and Modern Aspects

Mehdi Shanbedi, Ahmad Amiri, Saeed Zeinali Heris, Salim Newaz Kazi, and Chew Bee Teng







Nanofluids: Fractal Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids

Jianchao Cai, Boqi Xiao, Xing Tu, Wen Ren, and Fuquan Song







Nanofluids: Potential Future Coolants

Antonis Sergis and Yannis Hardalupas







Nanoindentation

Jaroslav Mencik







Nanomedicine: Small Steps, Big Effects

Miguel Angel Mendez-Rojas, Aracely Angulo-Molina, and Gabriela Aguilera-Portillo







Nanoonions: Carbon Nanoonions

Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska and Luis Echegoyen







Nanorobots: Engineering Nanorobots-Past, Present, and Future Perspectives

J.S. Rathore and N.N. Sharma







Nanosuspension: An Emerging and Promising Approach to Drug Delivery for the Enhancement of the Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Sonia Dhiman, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Abhay Asthana, and Sandeep Arora







Nanothermometers: Luminescent Nanothermometers for Biological Applications

Madoka Suzuki, Satoshi Arai, Kotaro Oyama, and Shin'ichi Ishiwata







Nanotoxicology: Toxicology of Nanomaterials-The Dawn of Nanotoxicology

Miguel Angel Mendez-Rojas, Jose Luis Sanchez-Salas, and Esmeralda Santillan-Urquiza







Nanotribology: Green Nanotribology and Related Sustainability Aspects

Ille C. Gebeshuber







Nanowires: Nanowires for Very-Low-Power Integrated Circuits and New Functionalities

Francis Balestra, Mikael Ostling, Per-Erik Hellstroem, Enrico Sangiorgi







Oxide Nanoparticles: Functionalization and Applications of Oxide Nanoparticles

B. Al-Najar and M. Bououdina







Plasmonics: Faster than Electronics and Smaller than Photonics

Israel Lopez and Idalia Gomez







Polyaniline: Polyaniline Nanofibers and Nanotubes-Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Their Properties

Arup Choudhury, Daniel N. Tran, Melissa Wunch, Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda, Rajender S. Varma, and D.J. Yang







Polymers: Electrochemical Formation of Nanostructured Conducting Polymers

Milica M. Gvozdenovic, Branimir Z. Jugovic, and Branimir N. Grgur







Polymers: Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles

Jose A. Pomposo







Polymers: UV-Cured Polymer Nanocomposites

Huseyin Esen and Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen







Radiation Synthesis: Radiation Methods of Nanomaterials Production

Gennady Gerasimov







Semiconductor Nanomaterials: Photo Catalytic Characteristics of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Nanomaterials

Mansi Chitkara, I.S. Sandhu, Sanjeev Kumar, Karamjit Singh, and Thakur Gurjeet Singh







Silver Nanoparticles: Potential Hazards of Silver Nanoparticles to the Environment and Human Health

Veronica Bastos, H. Oliveira, F. Rosario, C. Remedios, J.M.P Oliveira, and C. Santos







Spinels: Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic Spinel AB2O4 Phases

S. Azzaza, Y. Song, and M. Bououdina







Superlattices: Superlattice Structure of Low-Dimensional Carbon Systems

Somnath Bhattacharyya







Superlattices: Design of InAs/GaSb Superlattices for Optoelectronic Applications-Basic Theory and Numerical Methods

E. Machowska-Podsiadlo and M. Bugajski







Supramolecular Architectures: Supramolecular Architectures from Self-Assembled Copolymers

Tomaz Einfalt, Gesine Gunkel, Mariana Spulber, Adrian Najer, and Cornelia G. Palivan







Thermal Conductivity: Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids in Stationary and Dynamic Systems

Azadeh Ghadimi and Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar







Titanium Dioxide: Nanosized TiO2-Synthesis and Application

Shalini Chaturvedi and Pragnesh N. Dave







Water Remediation: Water Remediation Using Nano-Zerovalent Metals

David D.J. Antia







Water Splitting: Layered Manganese Oxides as Water-Oxidizing Catalysts for Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting-An Aid to Environmental Protection

Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour, Sima Heidari, Mahnaz Abasi, Maasoumeh Khatamian, and Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev







Wire Explosion: Spherical Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by the Electrical





Explosion of Wire-Synthesis and Application

Alexander P. Safronov and Igor V. Beketov







Zinc Oxide: Photoluminescence Properties of Pure and Doped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures

Reza Zamiri and Gregor P.C. Drummen







Zinc Oxide: Recent Trends in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano-colloids

Maria Chiara Sportelli, Sabina Scarabino, Rosaria Anna Picca, and Nicola Cioffi