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RealWorld Evaluation: Working Under Budget, Time, Data, and Political  Constraints

RealWorld Evaluation: Working Under Budget, Time, Data, and Political Constraints

Authors
Publisher SAGE Publications Inc
Year 27/09/2019
Pages 568
Version paperback
Readership level General/trade
Language English
ISBN 9781544318783
Categories Research methods: general
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Book description

RealWorld Evaluation: Working Under Budget, Time, Data, and Political Constraints addresses the challenges of conducting program evaluations in real-world contexts where evaluators and their clients face budget and time constraints. The text is organized around the authors' seven-step model that has been tested in workshops and practice environments to help the evaluation implementers and managers make the best choices when faced with real world constraints.


New to this edition:




A new chapter focusing on gender equality and women's empowerment provides an overview of approaches for assessing program impacts and helping readers achieve a conceptual understanding of these issues.
Coverage of Digital technology and Data science is now included to explore the opportunities and challenges in building bridges between data scientists and development evaluators and offer insights on ethical and responsible data practices.
Increased coverage of themes regarding complexity, emergence, issue of agency, and implications of equity has been added throughout.
Equity issues are discussed throughout to emphasize the need for a complexity-focused evaluation methodology and expand readers' knowledge of these programs. "This book moves the study of evaluation from the theoretical to the practical, so that evaluators can improve their work. It deals with most of the real issues that evaluators face, particularly at the international level." -- John Mathiason "This is one of the most practical textbooks in the field of evaluation that I have encountered. Its recognition of the limitations that affect program evaluation provides students with a realistic understanding of the difficulties in conducting evaluations and how to overcome these difficulties." -- David C. Powell "RealWorld Evaluation moves forward from where other evaluation textbooks stop. RWE challenges the evaluator to ask the difficult questions that can impact the design, implementation, and utilization of the evaluation. RWE then leads the reader through how to find efficient solutions to minimize these constraints." -- Karen McDonnell "RealWorld Evaluation is a must-read for students of program evaluation-the framework and emphasis on practical constraints makes it an invaluable tool for learning the art and science of public policy. -- Amanda Olejarski "This is an invaluable resource for both novice and experienced evaluators. It contains a variety of tools and recommendations to successfully design and implement effective evaluations for any size and type of program." -- Sebastian Galindo "Any research class focusing on real-world evaluation should start with this text; it is comprehensive, well-organized, well-written, and thoroughly practical." -- Jeffrey S. Savage

RealWorld Evaluation: Working Under Budget, Time, Data, and Political Constraints

Table of contents

List of Boxes, Figures, and Tables

List of Appendices

Foreword by Jim Rugh

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

PART I * THE SEVEN STEPS OF THE REALWORLD EVALUATION APPROACH

Chapter 1 * Overview: RealWorld Evaluation and the Contexts in Which It Is Used

1. Welcome to RealWorld Evaluation

2. The RealWorld Evaluation Context

3. The Four Types of Constraints Addressed by the RealWorld Approach

4. Additional Organizational and Administrative Challenges

5. The RealWorld Approach to Evaluation Challenges

6. Who Uses RealWorld Evaluation, for What Purposes, and When?

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 2 * First Clarify the Purpose: Scoping the Evaluation

1. Stakeholder Expectations of Impact Evaluations

2. Understanding Information Needs

3. Developing the Program Theory Model

4. Identifying the Constraints to Be Addressed by RWE and Determining the Appropriate Evaluation Design

5. Developing Designs Suitable for RealWorld Evaluation Conditions

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 3 * Not Enough Money: Addressing Budget Constraints

1. Simplifying the Evaluation Design

2. Clarifying Client Information Needs

3. Using Existing Data

4. Reducing Costs by Reducing Sample Size

5. Reducing Costs of Data Collection and Analysis

6. Assessing the Feasibility and Utility of Using New Information Technology (NIT) to Reduce the Costs of Data Collection

7. Threats to Validity of Budget Constraints

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 4 * Not Enough Time: Addressing Scheduling and Other Time Constraints

1. Similarities and Differences Between Time and Budget Constraints

2. Simplifying the Evaluation Design

3. Clarifying Client Information Needs and Deadlines

4. Using Existing Documentary Data

5. Reducing Sample Size

6. Rapid Data-Collection Methods

7. Reducing Time Pressure on Outside Consultants

8. Hiring More Resource People

9. Building Outcome Indicators Into Project Records

10. New Information Technology for Data Collection and Analysis

11. Common Threats to Adequacy and Validity Relating to Time Constraints

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 5 * Critical Information Is Missing or Difficult to Collect: Addressing Data Constraints

1. Data Issues Facing RealWorld Evaluators

2. Reconstructing Baseline Data

3. Special Issues Reconstructing Baseline Data for Project Populations and Comparison Groups

4. Collecting Data on Sensitive Topics or From Difficult-to-Reach Groups

5. Common Threats to Adequacy and Validity of an Evaluation Relating to Data Constraints

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 6 * Political Constraints

1. Values, Ethics, and Politics

2. Societal Politics and Evaluation

3. Stakeholder Politics

4. Professional Politics

5. Political Issues in the Design Phase

6. Political Issues in the Conduct of an Evaluation

7. Political Issues in Evaluation Reporting and Use

8. Advocacy

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 7 * Strengthening the Evaluation Design and the Validity of the Conclusions

1. Validity in Evaluation

2. Factors Affecting Adequacy and Validity

3. A Framework for Assessing the Validity and Adequacy of QUANT, QUAL, and Mixed-Method Designs

4. Assessing and Addressing Threats to Validity for Quantitative Impact Evaluations

5. Assessing Adequacy and Validity for Qualitative Impact Evaluations

6. Assessing Validity for Mixed-Method (MM) Evaluations

7. Using the Threats-to-Validity Worksheets

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 8 * Making It Useful: Helping Clients and Other Stakeholders Utilize the Evaluation

1. What Do We Mean by Influential Evaluations and Useful Evaluations?

2. The Underutilization of Evaluation Studies

3. Strategies for Promoting the Utilization of Evaluation Findings and Recommendations

Summary

Further Reading

PART II * A REVIEW OF EVALUATION METHODS AND APPROACHES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN REALWORLD EVALUATION: FOR THOSE WHO WOULD LIKE TO DIG DEEPER

Chapter 9 * Standards and Ethics

1. Standards of Competence

2. Professional Standards

3. Ethical Codes of Conduct

4. Issues

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 10 * Theory-Based Evaluation and Theory of Change

1. Theory-Based Evaluation (TBE) and Theory of Change (TOC)

2. Applications of Program Theory in Program Evaluation

3. Using TOC in Program Evaluation

4. Designing a Theory of Change Evaluation Framework

5. Integrating a Theory of Change Into the Program Management, Monitoring, and Evaluation Cycle

6. Program Theory Evaluation and Causality

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 11 * Evaluation Designs: The RWE Strategy for Selecting the Appropriate Evaluation Design to Respond to the Purpose and Context of Each Evaluation

1. Different Approaches to the Classification of Evaluation Designs

2. Assessing Causality Attribution and Contribution

3. The RWE Approach to the Selection of the Appropriate Impact Evaluation Design

4. Tools and Techniques for Strengthening the Basic Evaluation Designs

5. Selecting the Best Design for RealWorld Evaluation Scenarios

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 12 * Quantitative Evaluation Methods

1. Quantitative Evaluation Methodologies

2. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs

3. Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Evaluation Methodologies

4. Applications of Quantitative Methodologies in Program Evaluation

5. Quantitative Methods for Data Collection

6. The Management of Data Collection for Quantitative Studies

7. Data Analysis

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 13 * Qualitative Evaluation Methods

1. Design

2. Data Collection

3. Data Analysis

4. Reporting

5. Real-World Constraints

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 14 * Mixed-Method Evaluation

1. The Mixed-Method Approach

2. Rationale for Mixed-Method Approaches

3. Approaches to the Use of Mixed Methods

4. Mixed-Method Strategies

5. Implementing a Mixed-Method Design

6. Using Mixed Methods to Tell a More Compelling Story of What a Program Has Achieved

7. Case Studies Illustrating the Use of Mixed Methods

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 15 * Sampling Strategies for RealWorld Evaluation

1. The Importance of Sampling for RealWorld Evaluation

2. Purposive Sampling

3. Probability (Random) Sampling

4. Using Power Analysis and Effect Size for Estimating the Appropriate Sample Size for an Impact Evaluation

5. The Contribution of Meta-Analysis

6. Sampling Issues for Mixed-Method Evaluations

7. Sampling Issues for RealWorld Evaluation

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 16 * Evaluating Complex Projects, Programs, and Policies

1. The Move Toward Complex, Country-Level Development Programming

2. Defining Complexity in Development Programs and Evaluations

3. A Framework for the Evaluation of Complex Development Programs

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 17 * Gender Evaluation: Integrating Gender Analysis Into Evaluations

1. Why a Gender Focus Is Critical

2. Gender Issues in Evaluations

3. Designing a Gender Evaluation

4. Gender Evaluations With Different Scopes

5. The Tools of Gender Evaluation

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 18 * Evaluation in the Age of Big Data

1. Introducing Big Data and Data Science

2. Increasing Application of Big Data in the Development Context

3. The Tools of Data Science

4. Potential Applications of Data Science in Development Evaluation

5. Building Bridges Between Data Science and Evaluation

Summary

Further Reading

PART III * MANAGING EVALUATIONS

Chapter 19 * Managing Evaluations

1. Organizational and Political Issues Affecting the Design, Implementation, and Use of Evaluations

2. Planning and Managing the Evaluation

3. Institutionalizing Impact Evaluation Systems at the Country and Sector Levels

4. Evaluating Capacity Development

Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 20 * The Road Ahead

1. Conclusions

2. Recommendations

Glossary of Terms and Acronyms

References

Author Index

Subject Index

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