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This open access book provides both a broad perspective and a focused examination of cow care as a subject of widespread ethical concern in India, and increasingly in other parts of the world. In the face of what has persisted as a highly charged political issue over cow protection in India, intellectual space must be made to bring the wealth of Indian traditional ethical discourse to bear on the realities of current human-animal relationships, particularly those of humans with cows. Dharma, yoga, and bhakti paradigms serve as starting points for bringing Hindu-particularly Vaishnava Hindu-animal ethics into conversation with contemporary Western animal ethics. The author argues that a culture of bhakti-the inclusive, empathetic practice of spirituality centered in Krishna as the beloved cowherd of Vraja-can complement recently developed ethics-of-care thinking to create a solid basis for sustaining all kinds of cow care communities. 

Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics

1. Introduction.- 2. The Release of Cosmic Cows.- 2.1. The Rigveda: cows ranging in meaning.- 2.2. The Upanishads: cows and the acquisition of higher knowledge.- 2.3. The Bhagavata Purana: cows and the acquisition of higher knowledge.- 2.4. Krishna and his cows in Vraja.- 2.5. Vraja bhakti poetry: the buttery sweet language of love.- 2.6. Concluding reflections.- 3. Cows in Contested Fields.- 3.1. Hindu's modern concern for cows.- 3.1.1. Dayananda Saraswati: "cow-reservoir of compassion".- 3.1.2. Mahatma Gandhi: "the law of our religion".- 3.1.3. B.R. Ambedkar: compassion denied the "Untouchables".- 3.1.4. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada: cow care for the world.- 3.2. Ancient texts, modern controversies.- 3.2.1. Nonviolence preferred in Dharmashastra.- 3.2.2. Thinking aloud in the sacrifice of war.- 3.2.3.Violence, nonviolence - and cows in the Bhagavad-gita and Bhagavata Purana.- 3.3. Concluding Reflections.- 4. Surveying the Cow Care Field.- 4.1. Cows (un)sheltered.- 4.2. The economics of reverence and care.- 4.3. Bovine products as added value.- 4.3.1. Milk.- 4.3.2. Ghee.- 4.3.3. Dung and Urine.- 4.3.4. Panchagavya.- 4.4. Male bovine care and the issue of violence.- 4.5. Intangible benefits of bovine care and proximity.- 4.5.1. Bovines as purifying agents.- 4.5.2. Learning lessons from cows.- 4.5.3. "Keeping cows, you keep your sanity".- 4.5.4. Go-seva and bhakti.- 4.5.5. Ritual bovine veneration: creating and affirming community.- 4.6. Concluding reflections.- 5. Cow Care and the Ethics of Care.- 5.1. Dharma and animal ethics.- 5.1.1. Dharma as settle duty.- 5.1.2. Dharma as deliberation on right action.- 5.1.3. Dharma as cultivation of virtue.- 5.2. From dharma to yoga.- 5.3. From yoga to bhakti.- 5.4. Reverence in the bhakti paradigm.- 5.5. Ethics of care and Hindu animal ethics.- 5.6. Animal citizenship, community, and bhakti.- 5.7. Sharma-based communitarianism.- 5.8. Concluding references.- 6. "These Cows Will Not Be Lost" - Envisioning A Care-Full Future for Cows.- 6.1. Anticipatory communities.- 6.1.1. Mayapur Chandrodaya Mandir, West Bengal.- 6.1.2. New Vraja Dhama, Hungary.- 6.2. Departing bovine souls.- 6.2.1. Contested lives at Bhaktivedanta Manor and Skanda Vale.- 6.2.2. Krishna the ox breathes his last in Vrindavan.- 6.3. When cow protection activism becomes counter-productive.- 6.4. Cow protection in three qualities.- 7. Concluding Ruminations.- 7.1. Changing tastes.