Publisher | Springer, Berlin |
Year | |
Pages | 388 |
Version | paperback |
Language | English |
ISBN | 9783319808543 |
Categories | Natural disasters |
Extreme Weather, Health, and Communities: Interdisciplinary Engagement Strategies
Introduction.- Extreme Weather and the World.- The Purpose of the Book.- ThePower of "Interdisciplinary".- Superstorm Sandy: a Game Changer?.- Introduction.-New Jersey at a Glance.- Historic Mid-Atlantic Storms.- Tropical storms andhurricanes.- Nor'easter.- Historic storms.- Recent storms.- Sandy's Fury.- Genesisand early days.- New Jersey prepares.- New Jersey in the cross hairs.- Stormday: Monday morning.- Storm day: afternoon.- Storm day: evening landfall.- Sandy'sAftermath.- Lessons learned.- Seemingly slight differences can have majorconsequences.- Storm conditions donot change at a steady pace.- Storms stronger than Sandy are within the realmof possibility.- Do not fully rely on storms of the past to provide a look tothe future.- Heed weather forecasts.- Regional infrastructure is too vulnerablein severe storm conditions.- Messaging needs improvement.- Do not rely solelyon lessons from Sandy.- Conclusion - A Game Changer?.- Extreme Weather:Politics and Public Communication.- Introduction.- Blizzards BringCooperation.- The Interconnectedness of U.S. Government Agencies.- Politicsand Extreme Weather: Historical Context.- New York City.- Chicago.- Denver.-Fort Worth.- Extreme Weather Campaign/Political Influences.- Tornadoesand Politics.- Contemporary Public Communication Methods: The Role of SocialMedia.- Public Communication Theories.- Knowledge Gap Theory.- Uses andGratifications Theory.- Conclusion.- Best Practices for Extreme WeatherCommunication.- Dust Storms, Human Health and a Global Early Warning System.- GlobalDust-Health Early Warning System (D-HEWS) - The Motive.- Meningitis.- Asthma.- Valley Fever.- Interviewswith Valley Fever Sufferers.- Acquired Insights for a Valley Fever EarlyWarning System.- This Chapter's Focus on Airborne Dust and Human Health.- TheDust-Health Challenge.- Dust-Health Early Warning System - The Means.- AtmosphericDust Modeling.- Model Forecast and Simulation Verification.- Satellite-based Remote Sensing.- Surface-BasedRemote Sensing and In-Situ Observations.- Upward Looking Remote Sensing.-In-Situ Dust Measurements and Monitoring.- Global Partners in Public HealthApplications: Dust-Health Early Warning System - The Opportunity.- A ConceptualFramework.- Global Dust Movement.- Regional and Local Dust Exposure.- TransdisciplinaryInformation Exchange (TIE).- Implementation.- Conclusions: Best Practices inTechnology Transfer, Capacity Building, Training and Education.- InterdisciplinaryEngagement of People and Place around ExtremeWeather.- Introduction.- Extreme Weather and Changing Patterns.- ReligiousLeaders Note Environmental Changes.- Extreme Weather and Places.- ExtremeWeather Community Health Model.- Description of Extreme Weather CommunityHealth Model.- Model Flow.- Extreme Weather Interdisciplinary CommunityEngagement.- What is engagement?.- Why Interdisciplinary?.- Place.- SociospatialStrategies for Place-Based Policy.- Understanding People Community/Culture.- HowContext (Space or Proximity) Influences Outcome.- Knowledge about the LocalEnvironment.- Geographies and Community Type.- Importance of communityengagement.- Interdisciplinary Teaming for engagement.- Place-basedInterdisciplinary Approaches for Extreme Weather Engagement.- Navigating localgeographies.- Interaction, Establish Consistent & Ongoing Interaction.- Knowyour Culture/Community.- UnderstandGeneral Population and Sub-populations.- Establish Trust.- Engage UsingInterdisciplinary Teams with Different Sectors of the Community.- Create Two-wayPlace-Based Communication.- Choosing AReasonable Plan for Stakeholders.- Conclusion.- Engaging Communities to Assessthe Health Effects of Extreme Weather in the Arctic.- The Setting: The physical landscape.- Climate Change inAlaska: Observed and Expected Changes.- Rising Temperatures.- Warming Oceans.- DecreasedFreshwater Ice and Snow Cover.- Thawing Permafrost.- Changes in Extremes.- TheSetting: The cultural landscape.- Climate Change, Health Impacts on ArcticCommunities.- Findings and Strange Weather Patterns.- Threats to LocalLifestyle.- Changing Food Sources.- Environmental Changes/Challenges to Health.-Conclusions.- Refining the Process of Science Support for Communities aroundExtreme Weather Events and Climate Impacts.- Introduction.- Community andUnderstanding a Place.- Challenges of Scientists' Community Engagement forAdaptation.- Variety of environmental change signals.- Changing LouisianaEnvironments.- Community responses.- Research Methods.- Community Background.- AdaptationCollaboration.- Participatory Action Research (PAR).- Science and TraditionalEcological Knowledge (Sci-TEK).- Effective Engagement Strategies.- FirstPeoples' Conservation Council (FPCC)2012.- Community Observations and Stories about Changing Environments.- AScientists' Perspective.- Changing Environments/Changing Food Sources.- Observationson Health and Changing Environments.- A Proposal for Collaboration GoingForward: Climate Change, Regional Science and Community Task Forces.- Value ofCo-Location.- Preparation of participants - scientists and community residents.-Content of science shared and scenario planning.- Using Stories for sciencecommunication.- Conclusions and Lessons Learned: How to Engage Effectively withCommunities.- Establish Different Types of Collaboration.- Build Capacitythrough Collaboration.- Create Collaborations Now.- Increase Capacity/MitigateVulnerability to Extreme Weather.- Build Collaboration on Trust and Time.- ShareCollaboration Strategies with Scientists.- Embrace Different Knowledge Types.-Embrace Action Research Models.- Acknowledgement.- Reducing Vulnerability toExtreme Heat through Interdisciplinary Research and Stakeholder Engagement.- Introduction.-Extreme heat vulnerability: an interdisciplinary perspective.- Vulnerability.- Interdisciplinaryresearch on extreme heat: the SIMMER project.- Stakeholder engagement.- Stakeholders' knowledge, attitudes,and practices with regard to extreme heat in Houston.- StakeholderIdentification.- The Online Stakeholder Survey.- Extreme Heat Preparedness andResponse in Houston: Co-production of Knowledge.- Disseminating ResearchResults to Stakeholders.- Summary and Best Practices for Stakeholder Engagement.-Decision-Maker Engagement.- Dual Engagement Approach.- Early StakeholderInvolvement.- Stakeholder Adaptive Capacity.- Relevance to Local Needs.- SociospatialModeling for climate-based emergencies: Extreme Heat Vulnerability.- Introduction.-Social Vulnerability.- Age.- Education.- Income.- Physical Vulnerability.- HeatVulnerability.- Micro-UHI.- Built-up environment.- Vegetation.- TemperatureWarnings.- Social-Spatial vulnerability.- Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI).- ExtremeHeat Vulnerability Index.- Statistical Modelling.- Heat Contributing MortalityCauses.- Principal Component Analysis Findings.- Chicago Heat Wave.- DataHindrance.- Satellite Data.- Mitigation Practices - How to use Vulnerabilitymodels to improve health.- EHVI Mitigation Examples - Practiced and Theoretical.-Cooling Center Assessment.- Climate Region Considerations.- Residences.- ConcludingRemarks.- Preventative Practices to reduce Heat impacts on Community Health.- Heatmitigation is multidisciplinary.- Heat waves are a local phenomena.- Heat wavevulnerability evolves with the population and location.- Mitigation is a localproblem and requires local response.- Droughtand Health in the Context of Public Engagement.- Introduction.- What isDrought?.- Drought Impacts.- Water Quality and Water Quantity Impacts.- MentalHealth and Stress Impacts.- Dust and Windblown Agents.- Wildlife Intrusion.- DroughtRisk Management.- Droughts and Climate Change.- Engagement Strategies.- CommunityCapitals Framework.- Drought Scenario Exercises and Tournaments.- Case Study:Greater Horn of Africa.- Case Study: Community Capitals Framework and DroughtImpact Assessment.- California.- Case Study: Missouri River Basin.- MRB RDEWSTribal Activities.- Conclusions.- Extreme Weather: Mental Health Challenges and Community ResponseStrategies.- Introduction.- Extreme Weatherand India.- Extreme Weather and Mental Health.- Impacts of Extreme Weather Events on Communities.- Floods.- Cyclones.- Drought.- Displacement dueto Extreme Weather Events.- ExtremeWeather Events and Community Engagement.- Best Practices for ExtremeWeather Community Engagement.- Enhancing Preparedness, Reducing Vulnerabilitiesand Building Resilience.- Importanceof Early Warnings, Timely Evacuation,and Emergency Planning.- Creating Awareness through InterdisciplinaryTeaming.- Knowledge Sharing.- Land useplanning.- Regional Cooperation.- Best Practices for Mental Health Care.- Extreme Winter:Weaving Weather and Climate into a Narrative through Laura Ingalls Wilder.- AFamous Mid-American Author.- Setting the Stage for the Hard Winter.- Overviewof the Hard Winter of 1880-1881.- Meteorological Causes and Context of the HardWinter of 1880-1881.- Climate Patterns During the Winter of 1880-1881.- Pioneersand Modernistas: Information and ImpactsThen and Now.- Vulnerability during Extreme Winter Weather.- Narratives andStories as a Communication Tool.- The Wilder Weather Narrative.- Testing theWilder Weather Narrative.- Moral of the Story.- Best Practices: UsingNarratives for Weather and Climate Engagement.- The Air We Breathe: How ExtremeWeather Conditions Harm Us.- The Connection Between Extreme Weather and Health.-Airborne Particulates.- Role of Gaseous Pollutants.- Geographical Concerns.- AirPollution and Respiratory Disease.- Air Quality and the Immune System.- Climateand Extreme Weather and Health.- Community Engagement Strategies.- Strategiesfor Future Health Communication.- Human Response to and Consequences of the May22, 2011, Joplin Tornado.- Introduction.- Background.- Health and SafetyImpacts.- The NIST Investigation.- Chapter Overview.- Data Collection andAnalysis using Spatially Integrated, Multidisciplinary Methods.- Introduction.-Tornado Wind Field.- Design Practices and Building Damage.- Fatalities andInjuries.- Emergency Communications and Public Response.- Summary.- Analysisand Results of Fatalities/Injuries and Discussion of Health and SafetyImpacts.- Fatalities that Occurred Outside ofBuildings.- Spatial Analysis.- Fatalities that Occurred Inside of Structures.- Critical Buildings.- Commercial Buildings.- ResidentialBuildings.- Summary.- ConceptualModel of Protective-Action Decision-Making; A Path to Best Practices.- Protection is Unnecessary.- Unawareness.- No Personal RiskPerceived.- Protective Action is Necessary.- Recommendations and FutureWork.- Best Practices and Recommendations for Human Health and CommunityEngagement.- Future Research.- Overall Summary.- Approaches for Building Community Resilienceto Extreme Heat.- Introduction.- Understanding vulnerability to extreme heat.- Healthrisks from extreme heat.- Individual and community level factors that increasevulnerability.- Role of Space and Place.- Vulnerability associated with climatechange, heat and air quality.- Adapting to the health impacts of climate change.-Actions to protect people from extreme heat events.- Health Canada'sapproach to increasing heat-health resiliency and preparing Canadians forclimate change.- Developing heat alert andresponse systems to protect health.- Supporting heat-health adaptation through proactive communication andoutreach.- Health Canada's heat-health educationand outreach approach.- CASE STUDY- Harmonizing heat-health messaging inOntario.- Testing HARS to increase community preparedness for extreme heatevents.- Health Canada's efforts to support heat-health preparedness throughtable-top exercises.- CASE STUDY - Extreme heat and health table-top exercisein the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba.- Preventative approach to building heatresiliency by modifying the built environment.- Development of information andtools at Health Canada to mitigate the urban heat island.- CASE STUDY -Measures to reduce the urban heat island effect in Windsor, Ontario.- Multi-sectorcollaboration on heat-health adaptation to achieve health co-benefits.- CASESTUDY -Toolkit for increasing the resiliency of health care facilities toclimate change impacts including extreme heat events.- Lessons for supportingheat-health adaptation and building resiliency to other climate changeimpacts.- Addressing vulnerability factors for effective heat-health adaptation.