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In this book, the interrupt handling models used by several operating systems are introduced and compared. 

We begin with an analysis of the classical interrupt management model used by Unix, followed by the schemes used by modern networked environments.

We highlight the key challenges of each of these models and how these have been solved by modern operating systems and the research community. Then we analyze the architectures used for general purpose and embedded real-time operating systems.

Interrupt Handling Schemes in Operating Systems

1.      Interrupt Mechanism

1.1.Introduction

1.2.Overview of the Hardware and Software Interrupts

1.3. Hardware of Interrupts in PC Compatible Systems

1.4. Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle

1.5. Interrupt Control Levels

1.6. Interrupt Handling Software

1.5.1. Interrupt Service Routine

1.5.2. Interrupt Handling Initialization

1.5.3. Restoring of the Interrupt Handling System

1.7.Interrupt Management Model used by Traditional Operating Systems

1.7.1.      Priority Scheme

1.7.2.      Mutual Exclusion Synchronization between Asynchronous Activities

 

2.      Interrupt Handling in Classic Operating Systems

2.1.Introduction

2.2.UNIX Operating System

2.2.1.       Non-Premptable Unix Kernel

2.2.2.      Conditional Synchronization inside the Kernel

2.2.3.      Mutual Exclusion Synchronization between Top and Bottom Halves

2.3.Networked Operating System

2.3.1.      Interrupt Handling in Windows NT

2.3.2.      Interrupt Handling in Linux

 

3.      Handling of Interrupts as Threads

3.1.Introduction

3.2.Interrupts as IPC (Microkernel Architecture)

3.3.Interrupt Handling at User Level

3.4.Model of Interrupts as Kernel Threads in Solaris 2.0

3.5.Interrupts Handled as Threads in Real Time Linux

 

4.      Treatment of Interrupts in Embedded and Real Time Systems

4.1.Introduction

4.2.Scheduling the Event Treatment

4.3.Schedulable and Non-Schedulable Entities

4.4.Mutual Interference in Traditional Models in Real-Time Systems

4.4.1.      Priority Interference

4.4.2.      Interrupt Latency Interference

4.4.3.      Mutual Exclusion Interference

4.4.4.      Sequencing Interference

4.5.Other Issues in Interrupt Handling

4.5.1.      Interrupt Elimination

4.5.2.      Incorporation of the Interrupt Cost in the feasibility Analysis

4.5.3.      Interrupt Handling Overload

 

5.      Interrupt Handling Architectures

5.1.Introduction

5.2.Unified Interrupt Architecture

5.3.Segmented Manager Architecture

5.4.Thread-Level Interrupts Handling in Real-Time Systems

5.5.Integrated Mechanisms for Tasks and Interrupt Handling

     References