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This new volume, I/23, of the Landolt-Boernstein Data Collection series continues a tradition inaugurated by the late Editor-in-Chief, Professor Werner Martienssen, to provide in the style of an encyclopedia a summary of the results and ideas of Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics. Formerly, the Landolt-Boernstein series was mostly known as a compilation of numerical data and functional relations, but it was felt that the more comprehensive summary undertaken here should meet an urgent purpose. Volume I/23 reports on the present state of theoretical and experimental knowledge in the field of Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics. What is meant by this rather technical terminology is the study of strongly interacting matter, and its phases (in short QCD matter) by means of nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energy. The past decade has seen a dramatic progress, and widening of scope in this field, which addresses one of the chief remaining open frontiers of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and, in a wider sense, the "Standard Model of Elementary Interactions". The data resulting from the CERN SPS, BNL AGS and GSI SIS experiments, and in particular also from almost a decade of experiments carried out at the "Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider"(RHIC) at Brookhaven, have been fully analyzed, uncovering a wealth of information about both the confined and deconfined phases of QCD at high energy density.

Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics

The States of Strongly Interacting Matter.- Lattice QCD and the Phase Diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics Theory of Strongly Interacting Matter.- The Quest for the Nuclear Equation of State.- Hadron Production in Heavy Ion Collisions.- The Chiral Restoration Transition of QCD and Low Mass Dileptons.- Electromagnetic Probes.- The QCD Confinement Transition: Hadron Formation.- Early Collective Expansion: Relativistic Hydrodynamics and the Transport Properties of QCD Matter.- Collective Phenomena in Non-Central Nuclear Collisions.- Gluon Saturation and the Formation Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions.- Hadron Multiplicities in Ultra-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions.- Color Deconfinement and Charmonium Production in Nuclear Collisions.- Charmonium from Statistical Hadronization of Heavy Quarks - a Probe for Deconfinement in the Quark-Gluon Plasma.- Photon Production in Hot and Dense Strongly Interacting Matter.- 6.4 Jet quenching.- Jet Quenching in Heavy Ion Collisions.- Viscous Properties of Strongly Interacting Matter at High Temperature.- Structure of Strongly Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma.- Hadronic Fluctuations and Correlations.- Femtoscopically Probing the Freeze-out Configuration in Heavy Ion Collisions.