Bookstore

In the last half century, because of the raising world population and because of the many environmental issues posed by the industrialization, the amount of arable land per person has declined from 0.32 ha in 1961-1963 to 0.21 ha in 1997-1999 and is expected to drop further to 0.16 ha by 2030 and therefore is a severe menace to food security (FAO 2006). At the same time, about 12 million ha of irrigated land in the developing world has lost its productivity due to waterlogging and salinity. Waterlogging is a major problem for plant cultivation in many regions of the world. The reasons are in part due to climatic change that leads to the increased number of precipitations of great intensity, in part to land degradation. Considering India alone, the total area suffering from waterlogging is estimated to be about 3.3 million ha (Bhattacharya 1992), the major causes of waterlogging include super- ous irrigation supplies, seepage losses from canal, impeded sub-surface drainage, and lack of proper land development. In addition, many irrigated areas are s- jected to yield decline because of waterlogging due to inadequate drainage systems. Worldwide, it has been estimated that at least one-tenth of the irrigated cropland suffers from waterlogging.

Waterlogging Signalling and Tolerance in Plants

Part 1: Whole-plant regulationOxygen Transport in Waterlogged PlantsLars Wegner1.1 Introduction1.2 O2 transport in plants: Some basic physics, and modeling of O2 diffusion1.3 A survey of methods to study O2 transport and related parameters in higher plants1.4 Anatomical adaptations to flooding stress: Barriers to radial oxygen loss1.5 Anatomical adaptations to flooding stress: Formation of aerenchyma1.6 Mechanisms of O2 transport in plants1.7 O2 transport in plants: Ecological implications1.8 Open questions and directions of further research1.9 Acknowledgements1.10 Literature citedWaterlogging and Plant Nutrient UptakeJ. Theo M. Elzenga & Hans van Veen2.1 Abstract2.2 Introduction2.3 Effects of hypoxia on nutrient uptake2.3.1 Effects on root elongation and nutrient uptake capacity2.3.2 Waterlogging effects on nutrient availability2.3.3 Plant responses to waterlogging increasing uptake surface2.3.4 Waterlogging decreases nutrient bulk flow2.3.5 Changes in nutrient uptake kinetics2.4 Summary and concluding remarksStrategies for Adaptation to Waterlogging and Hypoxia in Nitrogen Fixing Nodules of LegumesDaniel M. Roberts, Won Gyu Choi and Jin Ha HwangAbstract3.1 Introduction: The Oxygen Diffusion Barrier in Nodules3.1.1 Nodule morphology and the gas diffusion barrier3.1.2 Modulation of the gas diffusion barrier3.1.3 Control of the gas diffusion barrier in response to sub-ambient O2 and flooding 3.1.4 Mechanism of regulation of the gas diffusion barrier in response to pO23.2 Developmental and morphological adaptations of nitrogen-fixing nodules to low oxygen stress3.2.1 Secondary Aerenchyma Formation3.2.2 The Inner Cortex and Infected Zone3.2.3 Influence of adaptive changes on nitrogen fixation under altered rhizosphere pO2 conditions3.3 Strategies of Adaptation: Flood-tolerant legumes and oxygen diffusion3.3.1 Tropical wetland legumes3.3.1.1 Nodulation of submerged stems and roots: increased porosity mechanisms3.3.1.2 Aerial nodulation of stems and adventitious roots: avoidance mechanisms3.3.2 Lotus uliginosus: a temperate wetland legume3.4 Strategies of Adaptation: Alternate nodulation pathways for flooding tolerant legumes3.4.1 Intercellular -based mechanism of nodulation: The Lateral Root Boundary Pathway3.4.2 Sesbania rostrata: A model legume for aquatic nodulation3.5 Summary and Concluding RemarksReferencesOxygen transport in the sapwood of treesSergio Mugnai & Stefano Mancuso4.1 Brief anatomy of a woody stem4.2 The atmosphere inside a stem: gas composition and its effect on respiration4.3 Gas transport and diffusion4.4 Radial and axial oxygen transport to sapwood4.5 Sapwood respirationReferencesPart 2: Intracellular SignalingpH Signaling During AnoxiaHubert FelleAbstract.5.1 Introduction5.2 pH, signal and regulator5.2.1 pH as systemic signal5.2.2 The nature of the pH-transmission5.2.3 What is the information?5.3 Anoxic energy crisis and pH-regulation5.3.1 The Davis-Roberts-hypothesis: aspects of pH signaling5.3.2 Cytoplasmic acidification, ATP and membrane potential5.3.3 Cytoplasmic pH (-change), an error signal?5.4 pH-interactions between the (major) compartments during anoxia5.4.1 The pH trans-tonoplast pH gradient5.4.2 Cytoplasm and apoplast5.4.3 The apoplast under anoxia5.5 Anoxia